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Having worked for the Hudson's Bay Company since 1784, David Thompson joins the North West Company as a surveyor and mapmaker, eventually surveying hundreds of thousands of square miles of western North America. Americans launch their first lake schooner, the Washington, on Lake Erie near Presque Isle.

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The Mandan Indians west of the Great Lakes begin to trade in horses descended from those brought to Texas by the Spanish. Itinerant Assiniboine Indians bring them from Mandan settlements to their own territories southwest of Lake Winnipeg.

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The La Vérendrye family organize expeditions beyond Lake Winnipeg and direct fur trade toward the east. They are the first recorded Europeans to sight the Canadian Rockies from the East.
1731 |   |

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The foundation of New Orleans

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Scroggs looks for a North West passage, while Richard Norton explores by land 1726 Beauharnois becomes Governor of New
1726

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1800-Lake trade expands until by 1817 there are some 20 merchant vessels on Lake Erie.

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Construction begins on Fortress Louisbourg.

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– Outbreak of the Seven Years War. It begins when Britain declares war on France. It starts in
North America and spreads to Europe.

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In Montreal, enslaved Black woman, Marie-Joseph Angelique is hung for setting fire to her
master’s home.

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– The North West Company is formed in Montreal to compete with the Hudson’s Bay Company in
the fur trade.

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Louis La Corne plants the first wheat in the west, in the Carrot River Valley of present day
Saskatchewan.

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1776-The first of thousands of United empire Loyalists fleeing the American Revolution arrive in
Halifax

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The Pontiac Rebellion erupts. France’s former Native allies rallied in an attempt to reclaim their
traditional way of life and drive the Europeans from their land. 2 000 settlers were massacred
and 400 soldiers killed.

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Battle of the Plains of Abraham. British Commander in Chief James Wolfe dies on the field after
being shot three times during the battle of the Plains of Abraham. French Commander LouisJoseph
de Montcalm, mortally wounded, succumbs the next day. Quebec City is captured.

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American Settlers and others have brought 100 enslaved Black people to Nova Scotia; a small
number of slaves also live in Prince Edward Island (then Isle St. Jean)

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3 500 Black Loyalists and 1500 enslaved Black servants arrive in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick

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The British Parliament passes the Quebec Act, establishing among other things French civil law
and religious freedom for Roman Catholics

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1791- The Constitutional Act creates Upper Canada, with its capital at Newark (later Niagara-on-theLake,
Ontario) and Lower Canada, Quebec City as its capital. Each with its own laws and system
of government

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General Amherst felt that the Native Canadian techniques of forest warfare were cowardly and
cruel. He believed enemies should battle face-to-face in the open. Amherst suggested a ruthless
strategy to end the Rebellion – secretly send out small-pox infested blankets among the
Natives. These “gifts” were given which triggered an epidemic.

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A fortified outpost is built on the present site of Toronto. Fort Routille is intended to encourage
Native Canadians to trade furs with the French.

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Expulsion of the Acadians. Lt. Col. John Winslow says Acadians who refuse to pledge allegiance
to the British Crown will forfeit their property and be relocated from their communities to
Louisiana and British American colonies. Deportation begins.

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1763 –The Treaty of Paris ends the Seven Year’s War, with Britain taking possession of Canada.

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The French singed a treaty confirming the British possession of Acadia.