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http://www.fao.org/resources/infographics/infographics-details/en/c/238873/

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Due to this high demand of crops, which are not necessarily desired to be healthy and organic by the majority of the Western population, farming techniques used often negatively impact the environment not only in local communities but on a global scale as well. This then has a causative effect on future farming for people in developing communities who can not afford to bolster their crops with genetic modification and pesticides the way that larger companies and TNCs do, to combat the effects of global warming. Even minor changes in temperature or rainfall could cause a severe effect on the yield of crops (IPCC, 2001).

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TNCs such as McDonalds and PepsiCo have contributed to the rise in obesity across the globe, particularly within developed countries such as America. Diets now consist of a much higher concentration of sugars and fats which are cheaper to produce and therefore to buy than healthier alternatives like fruits, vegetables and proteins. These nutrition-free meals are affordable and often taste better than out-dated, wholesome diets (Drewnowski, Hanks and Smith, 2009). The way unhealthy food is cleverly marketed influences consumers, convincing them that buying meals such as fast food is the best option for their convenience in the fast-paced, modern world.

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Diamond (2005) notes that increase in population, and therefore demand of agriculture, has previously meant raw materials and natural resources have been exploited, triggering the ruin of many ancient civilisations.

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In West Africa where there were often scarcities of food due to the unpredictability of weather or pests, communities had communal means to reduce the impact of famine on individual families. During colonialism, these systems were removed and not replaced (Shenton and Watts, 2007). This control of the developed world over ‘the third world’s’ food supply is not an efficient way of distributing the plentiful food grown across the globe, especially as it is within developing countries that the majority of the crops eaten within the rest of the world are grown.

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The rise in globalisation means that transnational corporations (TNCs) have gained control within the trade markets. Smaller farmers are being forced off the land they once owned and are incapable of rivalling these TNCs in the global economy. While the TNCs profit from the recent growth and liberalisation of the economy, those from ‘the third world’ are often left behind and left hungry. Where trade could help those in developing countries, instead it often inhibits them (Madeley, 2000).

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There are an estimated 800 million people in developing countries who have a shortage of food and who are experiencing hunger on some level (FAO 1999).

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Obesity in developing countries mainly affects the middle-aged with a high income, in developed countries however, it affects all ages and all those of any income. In most of these developed countries, obesity is steered by the vast production of over-processed and cheaper food (Swinburn et al, 2011).

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Griffin (1987) considers that there is no world food shortage, but that there is a world hunger problem. He states that the two are linked but not necessarily in a simple way, increased food yield does not automatically mean that famine is reduced.