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Limits emergency powers

Veto power (line item)

Edit, pass, or defeat presidential proposals

Increased budgetary role and limited impoundment

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Leads in proposing laws

Proposes budget

Emergency powers

Veto power (legislative)

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Congress and the President: Sources of Tension

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Congress and the President: Sources of Tension

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Party loyalty

Different electoral timetables

Different constitutions

Checks and balances

Congressional rules and committee organization

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Checks and Balances: limits the executive
1) Congress makes laws
2) Executive branch interprets and applies laws
3) Congress oversees implementation of laws
Separation of Powers: Congress can't claim authority over executive agencies

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Investigate, oversee executive agencies, expose public officials' questionable activities, and promote Congress members' interests

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- Removal power: Congress' power remove any feral official from office
-Confirmation power: Senate approves presidential appointments
- Ratification power: Senate ratifies international treaties
- Amendment power: Congress and state legislatures may propose constitutional amendments

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Shared between the president and Congress. A way that Congress limits the president's power in declaring war is the War Powers Act.

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Congress has expanded its legislative powers with the growth of the nation
Ex. the constitution doesn't explicitly give Congress the power to propose laws authorizing spending money. Spending requests generally come from the president. Congress, however, doesn't follow these requests too closely.

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The Bill of Rights limits the powers of Congress
Ex. Congress can't punish people without trial

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*Money and commerce powers
- Support public schools, welfare programs, public housing, etc.
- Prohibit discrimination in public places
*Military and foreign policy
- Draft people
- Maintain Air force
*Social and domestic powers
- Limit immigrants number
- Collect and deliver mail

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Gives Congress the power to make laws that are necessary and proper to carry out the expressed powers

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*Money and commerce powers
- Establish and collect taxes
- Establish bankruptcy laws
- Borrow money
- Print and regulate money
- Regulate commerce
-Punish money forgery
*Military and foreign Policy
- Maintain an army
- Regulate the National Guard
- Punish international crimes
*Social and domestic powers
- Naturalization laws
- Establish post offices
- Copyrights and patents
- Lower federal courts
- Govern D.C and federal property in the states