# data[].attributes.body
"Civil Rights refer to positive actions of government that should take to create equal conditions for all Americans."

Source: www.ushistory.org/gov/10.asp

# data[].attributes.body
"Civil liberties are protections against government actions"

Source: www.ushistory.org/gov/10/asp

# data[].attributes.body
Protection of minority groups (women, Muslims, POC, LGBTQIA, the disabled, the mentally ill, certain age groups, etc)

# data[].attributes.body
The First Ten Amendments of the Constitution, which provide civil liberties like freedom of speech, religion, petition, press, assembly, right to a jury, no cruel or unusual punishment, protection from self-incrimination and double jeopardy, and many more.

# data[].attributes.body
"A racial, ethnic, religious, or social subdivision of a society that is subordinate to the dominant group in political, financial, or social power without regard to the size of these groups."

Source: www.dictionary.com

# data[].attributes.body
..is the Supreme Court case Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986). On April 26th, 1983, a senior at Bethel High School (in Washington state), Michael Fraser, gave a speech. His speech was for nominating another student for student government but said speech included "elaborate, graphic, and explicit sexual metaphors" and innuendo, but no actual obscenities. Fraser admitted to using innuendo and was suspended, so he decided to sue.

Source: judiciallearningcenter.org/your-1st-amendment-rights

# data[].attributes.headline
One Example of Civil Liberties... (cont.)

# data[].attributes.subject
One Example of Civil Liberties... (cont.)

# data[].attributes.body
The question was: Does suspension of a public school student for giving a lewd speech at a school assembly violate the 1st Amendment? Both the US District Court for the Western District of Washington and the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals said it didn't violate the 1st, but the Supreme Court ruled otherwise. This case helped define the 1st Amendment, and what kinds of speech it does and doesn't protect.

Source: judiciallearingcenter.org/your-1st-amendment-rights

# data[].attributes.headline
The Civil Rights Movement - Little Rock Nine

# data[].attributes.subject
The Civil Rights Movement - Little Rock Nine

# data[].attributes.body
After the Brown v. BOE Supreme Court case (which decided that schools were not to be segregated), 9 African-American students attempted to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. These students, nicknamed the Little Rock Nine, were recruited by the President of the Arkansas Branch of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. also wrote US President Eisenhower, requesting a swift resolution allowing the students to attend school.

Source: kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_little_rock_school_desegregation_1957/

# data[].attributes.body
Their names (in no particular order) were Minnijean Brown, Terrance Roberts, Elizabeth Eckford, Ernest Green, Thelma Mothershed, Melba Patillo, Gloria Ray, Jefferson Thomas, and Carlotta Walls.