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Ductility

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Metallic Bond

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*formed by attraction of positive metal ions and electrons around
*bonding only with metals
*result of closeness of many metals
*outermost levels overlap
*electron keep ion together and cancel positive ion
*allows metal to conduct electricity
*When wire in source valence electrons move through
*generate power
*Metal atoms rearrange easily
*electrons move freely
*Metal change shape easily
*Ductility for wires
*Malleability to hammer to thin sheets
*Malleability and Ductility make metal very useful

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Crystal Lattice

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Ionic Bond

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*form when electrons are transferred
*formed to fill outermost level
*gain or lose electrons
*metal and nonmetal bond
*called ions after bonding
*If atom gain electron it's negative charge
*If atom lose electron it's positive charge
*energy released after bonding
*easily formed ions are reactive
*Nonmetals gain electrons release energy
*energy released is heat, light, noise
*Bond is strong
*crystals = hard, flat faces, straight edges
*Brittle solids formed

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Covalent Bond

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Electron dot-diagram

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*form when atom share electrons
*Both atom fill outermost level
*Nonmetals gain 1 electron to fill
*2 hydrogen is covalent bond
*Nonmetal and Nonmetal to bond
*together form molecule
*molecule is smallest covalent bond compound
*low melting point and low boiling point
*Solid form is soft
*Water is covalent bond
*Electron dot-diagram - "...is a model that shows only the valence electrons of an atom."
*diatomic molecules can form
*Diatomic Molecules - "...simplest molecules are made up of only two bonded atoms."
*# of shared electron pairs is # of covalent bonds formed.

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Stable Atoms

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Water Chemical Bond

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*joining of atoms for new substances
*bond forms when two atoms join
*forms when electrons interact
*in bond atoms gain, lose, or share electrons
*2 same element atoms can join
*oxygen gas=2 oxygen atom bond
*Hydrogen and oxygen bond is water
*electrons out of nucleus in energy levels
*last energy level has valence electrons
*level 1 fill with 2 electron, level 2 with 8, and level 3 with 8
*atomic number is  # of protons and electron
*atoms are neutral
*use atomic # to find elements' valence
*group 1-2 have same # of valence as group#, groups 3-12 no rule for valence, groups 13-18 have 10 less valence than group #
*atom bonds to fill outermost level and be stable
*group 18 has full energy level

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Chemical Bonding

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Molecule

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Chemical Bonding - "...combining of atoms to form molecules or ionic compounds."
Chemical Bond - "...interaction that holds atoms or ions together."
Valence Electron - "...electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom...determines the atom's chemical properties."
Crystal Lattice - "...regular pattern in which a crystal is arranged."
Ion - "...charged particle that forms when an atom or group of atoms gains or loses one or more electrons."
Ionic Bond - "...attractive force between oppositely charged ions...form when electrons are transferred."
Covalent Bond - "...bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons."
Metallic Bond - "...bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them."
Molecule - "...smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance's chemical properties."