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What are the "company factors" which may affect the export pricing?

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What are the "environmental factors" which may affect the export pricing?

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Differential pricing strategy can be adopted while fixing price of goods to be exported. While doing so, the stability of exchange and inflation rates prevailing in the country should also be taken into account.Higher prices can be charged on exports for a particular country which is subject to continuous fluctuations in exchange and inflation rates.

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Pricing choices are made at two levels within an organization. Top executives are in charge of overall pricing strategy. They identify the fundamental market segment ranges into which the product falls. Pricing mechanisms are handled at lower levels of the organization, with an emphasis on particular product strategy. Typically, a team of manufacturing and marketing experts collaborate to determine the pricing.

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Competition: Pricing decisions are impacted by competitive situations. Price setting is greatly influenced by competition. As long as the product quality is never worse than that of the competitors, a company may set its price at a level with or below that of its rivals.

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Competition: Pricing decisions are impacted by competitive situations. Price setting is greatly influenced by competition. As long as the product quality is never worse than that of the competitors, a company may set its price at a level with or below that of its rivals.

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1.  currency fluctuations. this one will affect the export pricing because the economics of the countries going down and their currency will go down as well. For example, Sri Lanka, their currency is going down too much, this will make exporter cannot determine their export price to sell

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Cost: the price should be able to cover the production cost and shipping cost in order for the company to be profitable

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Cost: the price should be able to cover the production cost and shipping cost in order for the company to be profitable

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The Government policies in respect of imports and exports must be taken into account while fixing prices. The importing as well as exporting countries’ governments play an important role in export pricing.

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The market demand of a product has an impact on the price of the product, if the demand is inelastic then a higher price can be set, if the demand is highly elastic then we need to offer a competitive price to the customers. When the demand for the goods is more and the supply of the goods is constant, the price of the goods can be increased and if the demand for the goods decreases the price of the goods should be decreased to survive in the market.

Eg. Gasoline is an inelastic demand example, because the amount people buy remains roughly the same, even when prices increase. Likewise, they don't buy much more even if the price drops.

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US vs China

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Exchange rate, inflation rate

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Buyers in the International market normally develop prejudice against goods imported from the developing countries. Exporters should take this factor into account while fixing price, as goods from developed countries command higher prices as compared to the goods from the developing countries.

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The price of the product also depends upon the characteristics of the product. In order to attract the customers, different characteristics are added to the product, such as quality, size, colour, attractive package, alternative uses etc. Generally, customers pay more prices for the product which is of the new style, fashion, better package etc. If products are well differentiated and if they have built a brand image for themselves, manufacturers would be in a comfortable position to charge competitively higher prices.

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Some costs such as R&D cost for the new market, hiring consultants, and human resources to execute the exporting program

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Please use "Add comment" to continue to discuss that SAME factor (maybe more explanation, maybe an example...)

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The differences in shopping behavior correspond to clear differences in prices among countries.

- the French, Mexico, and Brazil are extremely anxious about their spending on food.
--> People consider carefully while consuming food --> the demand in food industry may be elastic.

- In Chinese, the number 8 is a number that signifies good luck and good fortune whereas the number 4 signifies bad luck.  A pricing manager could use this insight to make sure price endings are set not just to achieve the highest margin but also to prevent negative perception of the product because of its price.

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With the development and progression of new technology that potentially deployed by firms itself or buy from outside, the product could be both potentially cheaper due to higher productivity or be more expensive for higher and better quality

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The company's objective for the intended export market is important when setting price. For example, if the company want to enter the market and want to gain as many market share as possible --> Setting lower price in order to attract more customers might be appropriate.

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The manager charged with determining prices must consider the legal and political situations as they exist and as they differ from country to country. Legal and political factors act primarily to restrict the freedom of a company to set prices strictly on the basis of economic considerations.

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Regulations such as packaging requirements, standards compliance, ingredients banning, etc. affect the price of the products. (increase the price in most cases)
For example, VNese fruit exporters have to comply with biosecurity standards in countries such as Japan, US. to be approved into these markets.

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Sometimes foreign officials use pricing guidelines as a criterion for granting foreign exchange to the buyer of foreign merchandise. In some countries, the government is concerned with the relationship between the amount paid and the social benefits of the purchase. Even though the customer may be willing to pay a high price, the government may refuse to grant adequate foreign exchange for what it considers to be non-essential imports.

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If the supplies condition, the easy availing option of the raw materials are available, then the price of the product can be moderate. And if the raw materials supply price heightens then the price also rises.

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competitors' pricing strategy with an exclusive focus on the actual competitors' prices and competitors' cost situation. It is equally important to forecast the possible competitors' reactions to price changes. An understanding of the way a competitor approaches its pricing decisions will make it possible to better predict the likely response to a change in market condition. The competition not only determines the price level in the market, but may also influence the price differentiation level: the more intense the competition, the more difficult to set different prices.

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Characteristic of product: unique or standardized
Costs: materials, human resource, R&D, certificate (if needed), shipping cost

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While fixing the prices of a product, the firm should consider the cost involved in producing the product. For example, if the cost to produce the goods is high (or difficult to find the materials, complex production process, etc.), the company should offer a high price.

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The change in price of raw materials may cause the lack of source in the producing process. It makes firms cannot produce enough commodity need => price increase. For example, the war between Russia and Ukraine make the price of oil increase. It cause the lack of energy to produce food => lack of food => food crisis

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Incurred Expenses or Promotion from the Suppliers/Producers/Distributors

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Incurred Expenses or Promotion from the Suppliers/Producers/Distributors

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If you are distributors, you probably depend on the warehouse prices of the suppliers. The export product prices will have to rely on the price programming of the factory. If there is an increasing phase or the discount or promotion for customers, it will affect a lot of your price strategy in order to suit the price range of the customers' perception

If you are a Supplier/ Producer, your price could be varied due to the commissions offered from the third party/distributors require too high and your price has to be adjusted. Especially, in the case, each distributor could have distinct prices after they have imported your goods. So this could make your price level on the international market have a different recognition from the customers' eyes, and may be substantially fluctuated

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The promotional activity undertaken by the firm also determines the price. Heavy advertising and sales promotion costs can lead to the pricing of the product shall be kept high in order to recover the promotion cost

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The product plays an important role in fixing price. If a product is of superior quality, then a firm may either adopt premium strategy or high value strategy. In premium pricing, the firm would charge high price for high quality, and in the case of high value pricing, the firm would charge moderate price for high quality.

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The types of consumers for whom marketing efforts are made play an important role in export pricing. A product for young people or fashion oriented goods will carry a high price. Further the composition of the consumers in terms of their income and paying capacity play an important role in export pricing.

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a higher volume of capital can offer the company to have more options to execute. For example, Tiki, and Shopee can rely on their giant parent's company to offer promotions, and discounts to customer, or lower price, even though they have to accept the loss. But when they dominate the market shares, and their competitors are no longer exist, they can gradually get money after that.

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About Competition. Eg. Albert Heijn faced high competition among rivals retailers. They run on a trade war.. For example this week AH provide the cheapest dairy, next week AH announce cosmetics, vegetables. and so on. Pricing and promotion changed regularly. Rivals cannot predict what AH’s next moves. And AH have succeeded, they win back 4 year number of customers in just 4 months only, by doing this strategy. 

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About Competition. Eg. Albert Heijn faced high competition among rivals retailers. They run on a trade war.. For example this week AH provide the cheapest dairy, next week AH announce cosmetics, vegetables. and so on. Pricing and promotion changed regularly. Rivals cannot predict what AH’s next moves. And AH have succeeded, they win back 4 year number of customers in just 4 months only, by doing this strategy. 