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Davis and Jake: Tennessee Williams & Elia Kazan Background Information

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Davis and Jake: Tennessee Williams & Elia Kazan Background Information

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Aastha Amin & Jaidyn Graham-Vargas

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Mikayla Moore and Meniah Lockett: Group 4: Setting - New Orleans

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Mikayla Moore and Meniah Lockett: Group 4: Setting - New Orleans

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Film Industry Controversy & Expectations

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Gina Imarhia & Hawanatu Ruffai: Industrial Age vs. Agriculture / New South vs. Old South 

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Gina Imarhia & Hawanatu Ruffai: Industrial Age vs. Agriculture / New South vs. Old South 

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Work
When the troops returned, the American lifestyle they had come back to had drastically changed. Before their departure, Men were considered the head and breadwinner of the home, and women were expected to be homemakers. Women had taken their chance to be independent when labour forces allowed them to work like men.

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Changes in Gender Roles During and After WWII

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Changes in Gender Roles During and After WWII

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During WWII:
Women felt empowered; they were able to bring important skills they learned at work and use them at home to make their home lives more sufficient. Around six million women were given jobs after the men were sent off to fight in the war.

Women served in the US military as nurses, truck drivers, radio operators, engineers, photographers, and non-combat pilots. Women who worked as nurses were known to have the most dangerous job while they worked near fire zones on the front line, and they often lived in mud, heat, and freezing temperatures.

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- What is the difference between the New South and the Old South?

¨Old South¨ is a term used to describe the rural agriculturally-based, slavery-reliant economy and society in the South prior to the American Revolution. While the term ¨New South¨ refers to the embracing of industrial development and the post-Reconstruction Era.

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1940s advertisement prompting women to become nurses.

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How were advertisements from the 1940s-50s targeted towards women?

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How were advertisements from the 1940s-50s targeted towards women?

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In the 1940s, the Second World War began and the USA needed soldiers again. Ads and propaganda were often used to convince men and women to contribute to the war in different ways. Men were recruited to fight, while women learned to do the jobs they left behind.

Pictured above is an advertisement targeted towards women asking them to become nurses. Many posters directed towards women during this time advertised jobs, such as nurses, pilots, factory workers, and farmers. Other ads tried to convince women to purchase war bonds if they couldn't work.

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Question 2- What is Elia Kazaans film style?

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Question 2- What is Elia Kazaans film style?

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Method acting - using raw emotions on camera

Combined film and stage techniques such as the visual pause

Strove for “cinematic realism” which he did by using unknown actors

Wanted social and personal realism, known for addressing social issues such as anti-antisemitism and racism. One of first directors to do so

Said that using unknown actors allowed for more vivid intensity, and that they were more pliable and teachable. Big actors were stuck in their ways and wouldn’t listen to instructions

Quoted as saying that “picking the right actors is 90% of a movies success or failure

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Changes in Gender Roles During and After WWII

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Changes in Gender Roles During and After WWII

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During WW2:
Working Women were often harassed and given low pay. Women who had children had to learn to juggle between their working jobs, managing their children, and learning to finance for the first time. Many women were given lower pay compared to the working men because many men felt that women wouldn't be able to handle doing a "man's job."

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Tennessee Williams’ life affected his writing because he implemented many of his own experiences into A Streetcar Named Desire. His house in New Orleans was in the play, and was the home of the characters. One character, named Blanche, was put into the play to represent his own homosexuality. He wrote the play in the first place because he was so enamoured with the “cajun” culture. He moved to New Orleans following a depression in his life. It was his intent to show his representation of the city in the play. Elia Kazan Film style is very unique, and he is renowned throughout Hollywood for his works. He employed a number of techniques in his works that separated him from the rest. The first technique he used was something called method acting. Method acting is using real, raw emotions on screen to create a greater sense of drama. It is heavily rehearsed but at the same time improv, and in the moment. The next technique he used was a mix between a stage/theatre technique and a film technique called the visual pause. The visual pause is used to create tension and unspoken emotion. In theatre this would be when two actors are silent and immoble on stage, which naturally creates tension as the audience waits for what's next. Kazan used this in “A Streetcar Named Desire” during the very first scene. His final technique, and the one he was most known for, was his striving for cinematic realism. He depicted real world issues like antisemitism and racist (being one of the first directors to do so) and used unknown actors to achieve the realism. He is quoted as saying that “picking the right actors is 90% of a movie's success or failure. He said that unknown actors are more teachable, and that the stars aren't as pliable. Also the name/face recognition takes away from the realism of the movie. For example, whenever you see Robert Downey Junior in  a movie that's not Iron Man, you go “Hey, that's Iron Man” which takes away from the realism of the film you are watching. 

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Tennessee Williams’ life affected his writing because he implemented many of his own experiences into A Streetcar Named Desire. His house in New Orleans was in the play, and was the home of the characters. One character, named Blanche, was put into the play to represent his own homosexuality. He wrote the play in the first place because he was so enamoured with the “cajun” culture. He moved to New Orleans following a depression in his life. It was his intent to show his representation of the city in the play. Elia Kazan Film style is very unique, and he is renowned throughout Hollywood for his works. He employed a number of techniques in his works that separated him from the rest. The first technique he used was something called method acting. Method acting is using real, raw emotions on screen to create a greater sense of drama. It is heavily rehearsed but at the same time improv, and in the moment. The next technique he used was a mix between a stage/theatre technique and a film technique called the visual pause. The visual pause is used to create tension and unspoken emotion. In theatre this would be when two actors are silent and immoble on stage, which naturally creates tension as the audience waits for what's next. Kazan used this in “A Streetcar Named Desire” during the very first scene. His final technique, and the one he was most known for, was his striving for cinematic realism. He depicted real world issues like antisemitism and racist (being one of the first directors to do so) and used unknown actors to achieve the realism. He is quoted as saying that “picking the right actors is 90% of a movie's success or failure. He said that unknown actors are more teachable, and that the stars aren't as pliable. Also the name/face recognition takes away from the realism of the movie. For example, whenever you see Robert Downey Junior in  a movie that's not Iron Man, you go “Hey, that's Iron Man” which takes away from the realism of the film you are watching. 

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Tennessee Williams moved to New Davis: Orleans when he was 28 years old, and changed his name to Tennessee from Thomas. He soaked up the culture of the area and wrote "Street Car named Desire". He moved there after a severe depression. He based the play in his own home. Williams used the character Blanche to represent his own struggles because he was homosexual.

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Tennessee Williams moved to New Davis: Orleans when he was 28 years old, and changed his name to Tennessee from Thomas. He soaked up the culture of the area and wrote "Street Car named Desire". He moved there after a severe depression. He based the play in his own home. Williams used the character Blanche to represent his own struggles because he was homosexual.

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The United States' factories were retooled to create items for the war effort, and the jobless rate decreased to roughly 10% virtually overnight. After the war ended, America wasn't prepared to have the soldiers back home. Many businesses were still making tanks and planes: Not things for the soldiers, so that they could have a home. Some analysts even projected a new round of mass unemployment and inflation, claiming that private enterprises would be unable to create the large quantities of capital required to run the pumped-up wartime industry during normal times. The government spending at all levels accounted for nearly 55% of the total domestic product.  A couple of years later the GDP dropped 16%.

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Image of war bond advertisement directed towards women.

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Changes in Gender Roles During and After WWII

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Changes in Gender Roles During and After WWII

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After WW2:
After WW2, women were left with a higher level of confidence in their skills and their roles as a women. Women and men were viewed semi-equally among the male counterparts and enjoyed their level freedom and learning about finance. Women became empowered to protest for equal pay and equal rights at work and in public areas in general.

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Question 1: How did industry and technology push out agriculture after WWII?

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Question 1: How did industry and technology push out agriculture after WWII?

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World War II transformed the research and development industry in the U.S. Lots of money went towards other fields such as space expo, defense, health and general sciences, lots of which were private industries. With the rise of new technology, farmers were able to do more with less people. During the war, farm work was "hard to come by and expensive." With the technological changes the money to spend on human help decreased by 35 percent.
The machines created after WWII were more of "better" products of past production. These new technologies were also more safer and did much more work than many humans could and at a faster rate.

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How were advertisements in the 1940s-50s targeted towards men?

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How were advertisements in the 1940s-50s targeted towards men?

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The ads for men in the 1940s/50s mostly featured a man coming home from the war to his wife. After realizing how amazing and capable their wives were during the war, men came home and learned to appreciate their women.

Some ads advertised fighting for the war and defending America, but newer ads focused on the aftermath of the war. Posters listed veteran benefits and pictured men coming home to loving wives. These ads convinced men that fighting in the war would make them a hero.

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Due to insecurity and instability caused by the war, many families delayed child bearing. After the war, many couples started having children causing the population to jump to a whopping 50 million  plus persons..

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What is the atmosphere in the French Quarter?
The french quarter is the center of New Orleans it is the heart of the city.the quarter is polarizing, there are a lot of things happening at once. There are large exuberant parties and dancing, while next to it there is poverty and sickness. The quarter while it's not very big it still feels large because of the congested sidewalks and businesses that are in the quarter. The party atmosphere is very inviting and interesting but within the party there are a lot of bad things as well.

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The importance/significance of the Streetcar in New Orleans is that there is lots of raw emotion or acting in the play. Since there was a lot of “action” throughout the play, it gives the audiences what the actual emotions are displayed in live action. This also shows what women had to go through during the time of the play. With the character, Blanche, she’s clearly going through a lot to keep her identity.

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After winning the war, the Americans fear the spread of communism. The news media and politicians fueled this fear by portraying the Soviets as world conquerors. People in communist countries were not allowed to own land, practice their religion, or speak and act freely.

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When the film was first released, critics called it vulgar and immoral. It went through many cuts by Warner Bros. without Elia Kazan knowing. Streetcar showed homosexuality and 🤬, thus breaking a rule in the Motion Picture Production Code. These two things weren't "correct standards of life" according to rule 2. Williams wouldn't allow the 🤬 scene to be removed in the screenplay after Breen of the PCA insisted to. The Legion of Decency threatened to give the film a C rating and the C stood for condemned. This led to Warner Bros. making 12 cuts because they were fearful of the rating and potential failure at the box office.

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Before the war women were seen as feminine stay at home mothers who cleaned and cooked all day long while the fathers went out bright and early returning home late to tend to things like mowing or firing up the grill. But after the war, women who liked working and abandoned the stay at home life style were deemed as  lost and advertised as such.

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The Motion Picture Production Code, aka The Hays Code, was created to put limitations on films that would disturb a large audience so they could be "safe" and "presentable". This code regulated topics featured in fills and it was designed so that Hollywood would police its self to avoid or minimize outside censorship.

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What was not allowed in films during this time?
-drinking, gambling, sex, adultery, nudity, violence, homosexuality, ridicule of religion, etc.

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During the 1940s-50s, ads and propaganda were being used more frequently to encourage and convince American citizens to "fit in" to certain gender roles. Women were encouraged to get jobs or buy war bonds for the army. Men were encouraged to fight in the war, while being bribed with honor and benefits.

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Gender Roles & Expectations During and After WWII- Aastha Amin

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Gender Roles & Expectations During and After WWII- Aastha Amin

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During and after WWII, there was a shift in gender roles in which women would handle a "man's job" undergoing harassment and the feeling of empowerment and later having a higher level of confidence. While feeling inferior to the male counterpart who often harassed and abuse women, they were also able to bring important skills they learned at work and use them to make their lives at home more sufficient. Women felt the need to protest equal pay and rights after WWII. Both men and women were viewed semi-equally and they enjoyed their level of freedom and their expertise regarding finance.

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For the settings of this play, the French Quarter is the center of New Orleans, which would be located in the heart of the city. The quarter is polarizing, with a lot of things happening at once. There are large exuberant parties and dancing, while next to it there is poverty and sickness. The quarter while it's not very big it still feels large because of the congested sidewalks and businesses that are in the quarter. The party atmosphere is very inviting and interesting but within the party there are a lot of bad things as well. The importance of the Streetcar in New Orleans is that there is lots of raw emotion or acting in the play. Since there was a lot of “action” throughout the play, it gives the audiences what the actual emotions are displayed in live action. This also shows what women had to go through during the time of the play. With the character, Blanche, she’s clearly going through a lot to keep her identity.

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During the 1950’s there were several topics that were restricted in films. The Motion Picture Production Code, aka The Hays Code, was created in 1963 to put limitations on films that would disturb a large audience so they could be "safe" and "presentable". This code regulated topics featured in fills and it was designed so that Hollywood would police itself to avoid or minimize outside censorship. The Hays Code began to weaken around the 40’s because many films that were produced outside the main studio system found ways around this code. This led to the code being abolished in 1968.

A Streetcar Named Desire was considered controversial because it broke rules in the Motion Picture Production Code. When the film was first released, critics called it vulgar and immoral. It went through many cuts by Warner Bros. without Elia Kazan knowing. Streetcar showed homosexuality and sexual assualt, thus breaking a rule in the Motion Picture Production Code. These two things weren't "correct standards of life" according to rule 2. Williams wouldn't allow the sexual assault scene to be removed in the screenplay after Breen of the PCA insisted to. The Legion of Decency threatened to give the film a C rating and the C stood for condemned. This led to Warner Bros. making 12 cuts because they were fearful of the rating and potential failure at the box office. The C rating would steer away many Catholics. Additionally, this rating could've blocked bookings in theatres.

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- What is the difference between the New South and the Old South?

¨Old South¨ is a term used to describe the rural agriculturally-based, slavery-reliant economy and society in the South prior to the American Revolution. While the term ¨New South¨ refers to the embracing of industrial development  and the post-Reconstruction Era. The old south was considered more of a cotton kingdom while the new south had more manufacturing.

-How did industry and technology push out agriculture after WWII?

After WWII, industry and technology became a huge thing in general as it transformed the research and development industries in the U.S. As for agriculture, many of the technologies and machines used during the war were just upgraded to help get more work done. They also were helpful as they were less expensive than paying others and were safer.

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After World War 2, the American economy had many breakthroughs and many setbacks.  American factories were retooled to create items for the war effort, and the jobless rate decreased to roughly 10%The United States was still struggling to recover from the effects of the Great Depression, with unemployment lingering around 25%. As a result of our involvement in the war, that rate quickly changed.. Government spending at all levels accounted for nearly 55% of the total domestic product. A couple of years later, the GDP dropped 16%.

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After men came back from war, the rights of women and whatever freedom they had enjoyed suffered immensely. With the levels of dependency vanishing, Women started fighting hard for themselves, and due to men being away, a whole lot of society couldn't function properly. The labor force allowed women to take the place of their male counterparts. However men took their jobs back upon arrival.After the war, many couples started having children causing the population to jump to a whopping 50 million  plus persons. Issues such as over population, and over urbanization due to families migrating because of how big their families got,  happened as a result of this.

The media was quick to put down women who enjoyed being independent through adverts and make them conform to life they had known before the war. However, women who hated that lifestyle were celebrated and more adverts showcasing mother-like behaviors became the norm.