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Human Body /Skin Anatomy Song/Human Body Systems

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Fun Skin Facts for Kids - Interesting Facts about Skin

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Your skin performs important functions that allow you to live a normal life, you might not notice it happening but you can be sure your skin is doing its part to keep your body healthy. Read on and enjoy the following interesting facts about skin.

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Kids learn about the science of the skin of the human Body. How the integumentary system protects us including skin, hair, and nails.

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Your skin's all over you. In fact, your skin is larger than any other part of your body. It's a good thing too. Your skin keeps your insides in. It keeps germs and yucky things out. It protects your body and keeps it from drying out. Skin can also help keep you cool during hot weather and warm during cold weather. Without your skin, you'd be a mess!

Skin is made up of two layers. The epidermis is the outside part of the skin. It has sweat pores and hairs. The inside of the skin is the dermis. This layer has nerves, or receptors, that detect pain or touch. It also has blood vessels, oil glands and hair roots. Underneath this layer is a thin layer of fat that cushions your body.

Fun Facts about Human Skin for Kids

Skin color is determined by how much melanin it contains. Darker skin contains more melanin. That's the only difference. Melanin is also what causes freckles.

Sometimes your face might turn red if you're embarrassed or nervous. This is called blushing. It happens when blood rushes to your face.

When you're hot, your skin sweats. As the sweat evaporates, it cools your body off.

Fingernails and hair are made of a substance called keratin. The only part of the hair and nail that's alive is the part growing under the skin. That's why it doesn't hurt to cut your hair or nails.

Everyone is born with fingerprints. No two prints are exactly alike.

Human Skin Vocabulary

Learn More All About Human Skin

Check out this video all about human skin:

A video about the structure and functions of the skin.

Human Skin Q&A

Question: How can I take care of my skin?

Answer: One of the most important things you can do is wear sunscreen when you're out in the sun. The sun can cause serious damage to your skin. Drinking water and keeping your skin clean can also help.

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Question: Why does my skin get rashes?

Answer: Usually a rash is your body's way of alerting you that something's not quite right. Some people get rashes if they eat a food they're allergic to or roll in the grass.

Enjoyed the Easy Science for Kids Website all about Human Skin info? Take the FREE & fun Human Skin quiz and download FREE Human Skin worksheet for kids. For lengthy info click here.

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Easy Science for Kids Skin - Structure and Functions - learn fun facts about animals, the human body, our planet and much more. Fun free Skin - Structure and Functions activities!

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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How the Skin Works

You couldn't live without the skin you're in. Find out what's going on under the surface in the skin video.

What Are the Three Layers of Skin?

The skin is made up of three layers, each with its own important parts.

1. The layer on the outside is called the epidermis (say: eh-pih-DUR-mis). The epidermis is the part of your skin you can see.

2. The next layer down is the dermis (say: DUR-mis). You can't see your dermis because it's hidden under your epidermis.

3. The third and bottom layer of the skin is called the subcutaneous (say: sub-kyoo-TAY-nee-us) layer.

What's the Epidermis?

Look down at your hands for a minute. Even though you can't see anything happening, your epidermis is hard at work. At the bottom of the epidermis, new skin cells are forming.

When the cells are ready, they start moving toward the top of your epidermis. This trip takes about 2 weeks to a month. As newer cells continue to move up, older cells near the top die and rise to the surface of your skin. What you see on your hands (and everywhere else on your body) are really dead skin cells.

These old cells are tough and strong, just right for covering your body and protecting it. But they only stick around for a little while. Soon, they'll flake off. Though you can't see it happening, every minute of the day we lose about 30,000 to 40,000 dead skin cells off the surface of our skin.

So just in the time it took you to read this far, you've probably lost about 40,000 cells. That's almost 9 pounds (4 kilograms) of cells every year! But don't think your skin might wear out someday. Your epidermis is always making new skin cells that rise to the top to replace the old ones. Most of the cells in your epidermis (95%) work to make new skin cells.

What's Melanin?

And what about the other 5%? They make a substance called melanin (say: MEL-uh-nun). Melanin gives skin its color. The darker your skin is, the more melanin you have. When you go out into the sun, these cells make extra melanin to protect you from getting burned by the sun's ultraviolet, or UV, rays.

That's why your skin gets tan if you spend a lot of time in the sun. But even though melanin is mighty, it can't shield you all by itself. You'll want to wear sunscreen and protective clothing, such as a hat, to prevent painful sunburns. Protecting your skin now also can help prevent skin cancer when you get older.

What's the Dermis?

The next layer down is the dermis (say: DUR-mis). You can't see your dermis because it's hidden under your epidermis. The dermis contains nerve endings, blood vessels, oil glands, and sweat glands. It also contains collagen and elastin, which are tough and stretchy.

The nerve endings in your dermis tell you how things feel when you touch them. They work with your brain and nervous system, so that your brain gets the message about what you're touching. Is it the soft fur of a cat or the rough surface of your skateboard?

Sometimes what you feel is dangerous, so the nerve endings work with your muscles to keep you from getting hurt. If you touch something hot, the nerve endings in your dermis respond right away: "Ouch! That's hot!" The nerves quickly send this message to the brain or spinal cord, which then immediately commands the muscles to take your hand away. This all happens in a split second, without you ever thinking about it.

Your dermis is also full of tiny blood vessels. These keep your skin cells healthy by bringing them the oxygen and nutrients they need and by taking away waste. These blood vessels are hard to see in kids, but you might get a better look if you check out your grandparents' skin. As the dermis gets older, it gets thinner and easier to see through.

What Are Sebaceous Glands? And What's Sebum?

The dermis is home to the oil glands, too. These are also called sebaceous (say: sih-BAY-shus) glands, and they are always producing sebum (say: SEE-bum). Sebum is your skin's own natural oil. It rises to the surface of your epidermis to keep your skin lubricated and protected. It also makes your skin waterproof - as long as sebum's on the scene, your skin won't absorb water and get soggy.

What Are Sweat Glands?

You also have sweat glands in your dermis. Even though you can't feel it, you actually sweat a tiny bit all the time. The sweat comes up through pores, tiny holes in the skin that allow it to escape. When the sebum meets the sweat, they form a protective film that's a bit sticky.

An easy way to see this film in action is to pick up a pin with your fingers. Then wash your hands well with soap and water and dry them off completely. Now try to pick up that pin again. It won't be so easy because your sticky layer is gone! Don't worry - it will be back soon, as your sebaceous and sweat glands create more sticky stuff.

What's the Subcutaneous Layer?

The third and bottom layer of the skin is called the subcutaneous (say: sub-kyoo-TAY-nee-us) layer. It is made mostly of fat and helps your body stay warm and absorb shocks, like if you bang into something or fall down. The subcutaneous layer also helps hold your skin to all the tissues underneath it.

This layer is where you'll find the start of hair, too. Each hair on your body grows out of a tiny tube in the skin called a follicle (say: FAHL-ih-kul). Every follicle has its roots way down in the subcutaneous layer and continues up through the dermis.

You have hair follicles all over your body, except on your lips, the palms of your hands, and the soles of your feet. And you have more hair follicles in some places than in others - there are more than 100,000 follicles on your head alone!

Your hair follicles rely on your sebaceous glands to bring on the shine. Connected to each follicle in the dermis layer is a tiny sebaceous gland that releases sebum onto the hair. This lightly coats the hair with oil, giving it some shine and a little waterproofing.

How Can Skin Warm and Cool You?

Your skin can help if you're feeling too hot or too cold. Your blood vessels, hair, and sweat glands cooperate to keep your body at just the right temperature. If you were to run around in the heat, you could get overheated. If you play outside when it's cold, your inner temperature could drop. Either way, your skin can help.

Your body is pretty smart. It knows how to keep your temperature right around 98.6°F (37°C) to keep you and your cells healthy. Your skin can respond to messages sent out by your hypothalamus (say: hy-po-THAL-uh-mus), the brain's inner thermometer.

If you've been running around on a hot day, your blood vessels get the signal from the hypothalamus to release some of your body's heat. They do this by bringing warm blood closer to the surface of your skin. That's why you sometimes get a red face when you run around.

To cool you down, sweat glands also swing into action by making lots of sweat to release body heat into the air. The hotter you are, the more sweat your glands make! Once the sweat hits the air, it evaporates (this means that it changes from a liquid to a vapor) off your skin, and you cool down.

What about when you're ice-skating or sledding? When you're cold, your blood vessels keep your body from losing heat by narrowing as much as possible and keeping the warm blood away from the skin's surface. You might notice tiny bumps on your skin. Most kids call these goosebumps, but the fancy name for them is the pilomotor (say: PY-lo-mo-ter) reflex. The reflex makes special tiny muscles called the erector pili (say: ee-REK-tur pee-LEE) muscles pull on your hairs so they stand up very straight.

How Can I Keep My Skin Healthy?

Unlike other organs (like your lungs, heart, and brain), your skin likes a good washing. When you wash your skin, use water and a mild soap. And don't forget to cover scrapes and cuts with gauze or a bandage. This keeps the dirt out and helps prevent infections. It's just one way to be kind to the skin you're in!

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No matter how you think of it, your skin is very important. It covers and protects everything inside your body.

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You might have noticed that when you fall down and cut yourself, the healing process caused a scar. Scar tissue is really made up of the same type of tissue as regular skin, except that it may have a different color and can lack hair or sweat glands.