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To measure the velocity of water

Apparatus
- Something that floats (ex: Orange)
- Two pole
- Measuring tape
- Stopwatch

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A tide gauge (also known as mareograph or marigraph, as well as sea-level recorder) is a device for measuring the change in sea level (tides).

Clinometer for measuring the steepness of the coast

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o   Longshore drift can be measured in different ways:

- Measure, with a tape measure, a 10m section close to the water and mark off the start and finish points using ranging poles. Place a float (rubber duck, orange, piece of cork) in the breakwater at the start point and time how long it takes to move across the 10m section and reach the end point.

-  More complicated: spray paint 100 pebbles and place them in the breakwater at a pre-determined point. Mark this starting point on an appropriate scaled map. After 7 days return to the beach and locate any spray painted pebbles. Measure their distances from the starting point and plot their locations on graph paper.

The effect of management strategies such as groynes on beach processes can be investigated by measuring the height of beach sediment on each side of the groyne. Measure the distance from the top of the groyne to the surface of the sediment and repeat at the same point on each groyne along the beach

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Landforms of coastal deposition:
Beaches
Composed of sand& shingle
Spit & Bars
Salt marshes& mangrove swamps
Destruction of an important coastal ecosystem
Coastal sand dunes

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Keywords:
- Constructive wave
- Destructive wave
- Swash
- Backwash
- Longshore drift

Background Information:
Destructive Wave:
It has strong backwash but weak swash. Stronger backwash can cause removing more materials from the beach.
Constructive Wave:
It has Strong swash and weak backwash. Strong swash will bring more beach materials from beach

Apparatus:
- Beach Ball
- Flag (Or something that can show the wind direction)
- Camera

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Anemometer,  Barometer, Wind Vane, Wet/Dry Bulb Thermometer (Hygrometer), Max./Min. Thermometer

Uses of tools:
Anemometer: Measure the wind speed. Wind speed is normally measured in mph or kph, but can also be measured in m/s.

Barometer: Barometers are used to measure air pressure.

Wind Vane: Wind vanes are used to check the direction of the wind. Compass points are used to give wind direction.

Hygrometer: Wind vanes are used to check the direction of the wind. Compass points are used to give wind direction.

Max./Min. Thermometer: Is to measure maximum and minimum temperature in a day. On the minimum side the expansion of the mercury is restricted by the contracting alcohol, on the maximum side the expanding mercury can expand more freely into the vacuum

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Waves, destructive waves are waves that have a weak swash and a strong backwash pull sand and pebbles back down the beach when the water retreats. The are called destructive because they remove material from the beach.

Waves, constructive wave are waves that have a very strong swash and a weak backwash are known as constructive waves. because they build up the beach, so they are called constructive waves. They push and and pebbles up the beach and leave them behind when the water retreats, because the backwash is not strong enough to remove them. They are often low waves with a longer time between them.

Marine erosion
corrosion- this happens when seawater dissolve material from the rock. It happens along limestone and chalk coast, when calcium carbonate is dissolved

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Apparatus: Bath toys, measuring tape, stop watch, Venier caliper, Clinometer, ranging poles.

Measuring:
- Load size
- Steepness of river
- Channel depth
-  Velocity
-  Number of load
-  Channel bed roughness

Keywords:
Bradshaw model
River profile
Load
Meanders
River bed
Channel
Erosion

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Max./Min. thermometer, rain gauge, hygrometer, barometer, anemometer, wind vane, Stevenson screen

- Formulate a hypothesis about the river- Plan out the field work: sampling method,  health and safety considerations, permission to visit, what equipment needed, minimum number of students
- Collect the data: primary and secondary. subjective and objective, designing a record sheet, counting methods, sampling, bipolar surveys,  measure accurately, designing a questionnaire, record observations
- Present the data: appropriate and graph, account your investigation
-Analyze and interpret the data: simple statistical analysis (range, mean, etc), trends, patterns, explnations for findings
- Conclusions: is hypothesis accepted, to what extent is it accurate
- Evaluate: what extent was it successful, improvements, how is it extended

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Coursework topic: Changes in load (shape and size) from source to mouth

Apparatus: measuring tape, recording sheet, pencil, long ruler, caliper (measures the size of rocks), plastic bags

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1. Put your name on the post
2. Name the unit you're focusing on
3. Write everything that you might have to bring/do/investigate in a coursework field trip for that unit
4. Add anything you think will help you remember the basics; if you don't have the groundwork laid, you can't answer the questions!