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is the period of twilight in the morning or evening, during the civil and nautical stages, when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon and residual, indirect sunlight takes on a predominantly blue shade.

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the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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a set of three associated artistic, literary, or musical works intended to be appreciated together.

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a painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels that may be closed like a book.

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Tagged Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers.

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Stands for "Joint Photographic Experts Group." JPEG is a popular image file format. ... Still, the compression algorithm is lossy, meaning some image quality is lost during the compression process.

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a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop. PSD, stands for Photoshop Document.

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contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of either a digital camera, or motion picture film scanner, or other image scanner.

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a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file. It specifies how bits are used to encode information in a digital storage medium.

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a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black.

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an Italian artistic term used to describe the dramatic effect of contrasting areas of light and dark in an artwork, particularly paintings

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light that the photographer did not add to their image, and can include both "natural" ambient sunlight, or "artificial" ambient light such as a nearby street light, lamp, or similar.

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to soften light by reducing glare and harsh shadows

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light is placed behind or at right angles to an object, person, or scene to produce such effects as depth or separation of subject and background.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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The process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

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Subjective photography was photography that explored the inner psyche and human condition rather than reflecting the outside world. Objective is not influenced by personal feelings, interpretations, or prejudice; based on facts; unbiased: an objective opinion.

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a composition technique whereby the viewer's eye is attracted to lines that lead directly to the principle subject in the image

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Instead of using the spiral, create a grid like in the rule of thirds, but one that uses a 1:1.618 ratio, instead of dividing the frame into equal parts. ... Just like in the rule of thirds, place your subject at one of the intersections of these lines

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guideline which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs. ... The horizon sits at the horizontal line dividing the lower third of the photo from the upper two-thirds.

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a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for its visual artworks and writings.

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a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world

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Colors that directly opposite each other in the color spectrum, such as red and green or blue and orange, that when combined in the right proportions, produce white light.

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Any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming

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any color that is calm or soothing in nature. They are not overpowering and tend to recede in space.

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a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world

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refers to color images, specifically, images that that use only one color in various shades, tints, and tones.

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is placing two things together in order to show a contrast. In photography we use composition, clever use of forced perspectives or carefully placed props to convey the contrasts in the image.

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the two sides are not identical, but differ from one another. However, the elements are arranged so that there is a sense of balance.

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refers to a line that splits an object in half and, if both sides of the object are an exact mirror image of each other, then this object is said to be symmetrical.

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a type of balance in which the parts of an object or picture are regularly arranged and radiate from a central point. It appears both in natural and in human-made objects.

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occurs when all of the elements of a piece combine to make a balanced, harmonious, complete whole.

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an area or object within the artwork that draws attention and becomes a focal point.

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movement in which some elements recurs regularly. the path the viewer's eye takes through the artwork, often to a focal area.

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the relative size and scale of the various elements in a design.

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utilizes elements that are repeated. The repetition of lines, shapes, tones or color.

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directs viewers' attention to their subject. There are two types: Tonal Contrast and Color Contrast.

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that juxtaposes images within a frame so that the objects are of equal visual weight. When different parts of a photo command your attention equally, perfect balance is achieved.

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any conducive area that an artist provides for a particular purpose. background, foreground and middle ground, and refers to the distances or area(s) around, between, and within things.

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The lightness or darkness of the colors.

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refers to the visual quality of the surface of an object, revealed through variances in shape, tone and color depth.

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A three-dimensional figure with depth. Shows length, width, and depth.

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is produced when light, striking an object, is reflected back to the eye. Three elements which are hue, saturation, and value.

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marks that span a distance between two points (or the path of a moving point)

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A two-dimensional figure with no depth. A simple geometric shape.

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A legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work.

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Either in a building or on the internet , where photographs are on display.

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The role of any rule of composition is to draw the eye into a photograph. Framing refers to using elements of a scene to create a frame within your frame

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An art exhibition is traditionally the space in which art objects (in the most general sense) meet an audience.

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Curators are responsible for assembling, cataloguing, managing and presenting/displaying artistic and cultural collections. Some museums run volunteer programmes or offer work placements.

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the photographic process used with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers. A suspension of silver salts in gelatin is coated onto a support such as glass, flexible plastic or film, baryta paper, or resin-coated paper.

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Big film size. Large format cameras use sheet film sized 4x5" or larger with the most common film sizes being 4x5" and 8x10".

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A type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length.

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35mm refers to the width of the film (actual dimensions are 36x24 mm, but the name comes from video, which was actually 35mm)

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Groupings of different types of photography.