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Unspecialised stem cells also exist in plants. They can become specialised specialised cell: A cell that is adapted for a particular job. into the cells of roots, leaves or flowers.

Unlike animal cells, some plant cells can remain unspecialised and develop into any type of plant cell.

Cloning plants

Whenever you eat a Golden Delicious apple, you are eating a clone. In fact, most of the fruits that we buy in shops and supermarkets are clones. This is because the plants they come from have been grown from cuttings.

Cuttings develop much bigger root systems if they are dipped in hormone rooting powder or planted in rooting compound containing growth hormone. These hormones cause unspecialised stem cells to grow and develop. They turn into tissues such as xylem and phloem, and organs such as roots, leaves, stems and flowers, thereby forming a complete new plant.

This makes it possible to clone plants quickly and cheaply.

All cuttings are genetic copies of their parents. This means they are clones.

Meristems

Plants cells are different to animal cells in another way. Unspecialised stem cells in plants are grouped together in structures called meristems meristem: Unspecialised cells in plants that can develop into any kind of specialised cell.. Cells produced by meristems ensure plants continue to grow in height and width throughout their life. Animals stop growing in size once they become adults.

Plant meristems divide to produce cells that increase the height of the plant, length of the roots and girth of the stem. They also produce cells that develop into leaves and flowers.

Phototropism

Phototropism is a plant's growth response to light. When the stem grows towards the light, the plant can photosynthesise more. More food is produced, so the plant can grow faster. This increases the plant's chances of survival.

Now try a Test Bite.

Read on if you are taking the Higher tier paper.

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Unspecialised stem cells also exist in plants. They can become specialised specialised cell: A cell that is adapted for a particular job. into the cells of roots, leaves or flowers. Unlike animal cells, some plant cells can remain unspecialised and develop into any type of plant cell.

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Specialised Plant Cells GCSE Science Revision

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GCSE Science Revision Biology "Plant Cell Specialisations"

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GCSE Science Biology (9-1) Animal Cell Specialisation

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BBC Bitesize - GCSE Combined Science - Cell structure - AQA - Revision 12

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How are cells structured? Learn about the size and function of plant and animal cells for GCSE Combined Science, AQA.

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Use all the information to complete the cell differentiation worksheet on this padlet