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Cherry, K., & Gans, S. (2018, April 03). Understanding Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/erik-eriksons-stages-of-psychosocial-development-2795740

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-Developed psychosocial development & identity crisis
-Never felt accepted as a child
-Changed his name from Erik Homberger to Erik Erikson
-Found out later his 'father' was not truly his
-This mystery was a key force
-Struggled in school, as well (bullied)
-First male to practice psychoanalysis in Boston
-Never received a formal degree in psychology or medicine
-Become professor of human development
-Expanded upon Freud's 5 stages of development
-Environment played a major role in self-awareness, adjustment, human development, and identity
-Also believed social and cultural influences played a role
-Each stage has a central conflict, development depends on answer

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-During middle school years, two major crises take place:
1. Industry vs. Inferiority
2. Identity vs. Role Confusion
-Teachers who believe in this theory  should focus on the developmental crisis a middle schooler is going through.
-After identifying the problem, teachers should look at the possible solutions according to the stages.

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-This theory is still used often today in psychology
-It will still be used in the future

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-Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
Infancy 0-1 1/2
During this stage the infant is uncertain about the world in which they live
-Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
Early Childhood 1 1/2- 3
The child is developing physically and becoming more mobile and discovering that he or she has many skills and abilities.
-Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
Play Age 3-5
During this period the primary feature involves the child regularly interact children at school.
-Stage 4 Industry vs. Inferiority
School Age 5-12
Children are at the stage where they will be learning to read and write to sums to do things on their own. Teachers begin to take role
-Stage 5 Identity vs. Role Confusion
Adolescence 12-18
During adolescence, young people are expected to develop their sexual identity.
-Stage 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation
The major conflict centers on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people. We begin to share ourselves more intimately with other. We explore relationships leading toward longer committed relationships.
Young Adult 18-40
-Stage 7  Generativity  vs. Stagnation
People experience a need to create or nurture things that will outlast them.
Adulthood 40-65
-Stage 8 Ego integrity vs. despair
We tend to slow down our productivity and explore life as a retired person.
Maturity 65+

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1. Industry vs. Inferiority
School Age (6-12)
-Set clear and attainable goals, academic and personal.
-Go over goals at the end of each quarter. See what can be changed and what went well.
-Assign jobs to students. Stack chairs, care for pets, pass out papers, etc. Rotate jobs frequently.
-Teach organizational skills. Set up binders, folders and notebooks.
-Provide meaningful feedback. Praise and constructive criticism. Show their effort even if they are not reaching all goals.
2. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Adolescence (Teenage)
-Provide positive role models. Teach about minorities and positive influencers.
-Provide examples of students work for students to compare to their own.
-Provide constructive feedback for different "rolls" they are putting on.
-Explain long-term and short-term consequences for behaviors.
-Encourage and support interests of students.

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-His wife created a ninth stage as they got into their 80's, but this stage is often forgotten.
-Psychologists have found evidence in Erikson's Stages with sub-stages within his 8 main stages.
- Psychologists also believe that some people may hit these points sooner or later depending on personality.

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-Allows to view the whole lifespan
-Stresses the importance of relationships
-Stresses that importance of social influnces

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-Doesn't specify what is need to overcome each stage
-Hard to test at times
-Mentions the development but not how it occurs

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1. Industry vs. Inferiority
-Provide constructive feedback on assessments.
-Provide study guides and study groups for students.
-Explain why assessment is necessary.
2. Identity vs. Role Confusion
-Encourage study groups and study guides to be utilized.
-Explain why the assessments are necessary.
-Provide constructive feedback on assessments and praise the work they did well.

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GoodTherapy.org. (2015, July 27). Retrieved from https://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/erik-erikson.html

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Kolar, R. (2018, June 28). How to Apply Erikson's Theory in Instruction. Retrieved August 22, 2018, from https://classroom.synonym.com/apply-eriksons-theory-instruction-8400675.html

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McLeod, S., (2018). Erik erikson's stages of psychosocial development. Simply Psychology. Retrived from https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html

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Strengths and weaknesses of erik erikson’s work. (2006). Strengths and Weakness. Retrived from http://edoc1120.tripod.com/strengths_and_weaknesses_of_erik.htm