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Database Resource: (Health and Wellness)

"Psilocybin." UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances, Gale, 2010. Health &

Wellness Resource Center,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2646400047/HWRC?u=lom_inac&sid=HWRC&xid=2fa8840f. Accessed 11 Mar. 2018.

Book:

Horobin, Wendy, editor. Drugs and Society. Vol. 3, Marshall Cavendish Reference, 2006.

Questia School, www.questiaschool.com/read/120444671/drugs-and-society. Accessed

Nov. 2018.

Reliable Websites:

Canada, Health. “Magic Mushrooms.” Canada.ca, Canada, 4 May 2015,

www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/substance-abuse/controlled-illegal-drugs/magi

c-mushrooms.html.

Hatfield, Rudolph C. “The Effects of Psilocybin Use.” DrugAbuse.com, Sober Media Group, 2

Mar. 2018, drugabuse.com/library/effects-psilocybin-mushrooms

Khazan, Olga. “The Life-Changing Magic of Mushrooms.” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media

Company, 1 Dec. 2016,

www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/12/the-life-changing-magic-of-mushrooms/509246/.

Krebs, Teri S, and Pål-Ørjan Johansen. “Over 30 Million Psychedelic Users in the United

States.” F1000Research, F1000Research, 2013,

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917651/.

National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database; CID=4980,

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4980 (accessed Mar. 12, 2018).

Psilocybin Fast Facts.” Www.justice,Gov, National Drug Intelligence Center, 1 Jan. 2006,

www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs6/6038/.

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Psilocybin is considered less powerful than LSD, however it can still have dangerous effects on someone unprepared and without a tolerance.

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By Bella Wloch and Adam Vella

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After it is first ingested, it is said that the user will experience a tingling sensation. Later, they will experience, euphoria, mood swings, and urge to laugh, or depression. By holding the mushrooms in the mouth, people can speed up the process of the drug.

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From 1961- 1963, Professors Timothy Leary and Ralph Metzner tested the effects of psilocybin on inmates. They hoped that during the "high" inmates would be able to explore their mind to find why they were acting up and what they wanted out of life, hoping it would prevent them from committing crime again. However, when released, these inmates had the same rate of returning to prison as normal prisoners.

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Although they can create dangerous hallucinations and impair the user, the benefits of mushrooms and other hallucinogens in patients with mental disorders has been studied.

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Scientists have discovered about 5,000 species of mushrooms, 100 of which are known to contain psilocybin.

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Since the 1970's, shrooms have grown in popularity in the US and Worldwide, although they have never been very widespread.

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The effects of shrooms start 20 minutes after they have been ingested and can last up to six hours.

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They are ingested orally. Some users brew the dried mushrooms in tea. Some even coat them in chocolate to disguise the taste and make them look like candy.

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These "Magic" Mushrooms can be dried or fresh. They have long stems with brownish, gilled caps.

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Although tolerance for the drug can be developed, there has been no proof that a person can become physically dependent on Psilocybin.

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- There is some evidence that mushrooms were first used in 9000 BC however there is no actual proof of magic mushrooms use until 4000 BC in Spain when the hallucinogen was used in some religious rituals
- Most prehistoric uses of the mushrooms were used in religious ceremonies to communicate with the gods hense the street name "flesh of the gods" which is what the Aztecs and other southern american civilizations called them
- It wasn't until the 1950's that mushrooms were introduced into Western society and they were quickly associated with hippie culture and used purely recreationally
-Throughout history, they have been a part of culture and religion, including the Aztec people, Native Americans, etc.

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- Illegal in the US and has no medical or legal uses there
- Psilocybin is a schedule one drug, along with heroin and LSD!
- Out of developed countries possession and use of magic mushrooms is only legal in Brazil and Austria however it is decriminalized in some places including Canada and some Eastern European countries

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-Once ingested, the body breaks down the Psilocybin to produce Psilocyn.
-The psilocin then travels to the brain.
- Psilocin has the chemical formula C12H16N2O.
-The chemicals Psilocin and Psilocybin are chemically related to serotonin.
-It is an aromatic compound, and an alkaloid found in Shrooms.

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- Magic Mushrooms are abused mainly by teens and young adults as 9.7% of high school seniors say they have tried shrooms and 2% have used them in the last month
- Not very common in US high schools compared to other more popular drugs, this is likely due to the fact that they are harder to get than other hallucinogens like LSD and their general lack in popularity in the US
-They are mostly found in the club setting and at raves.
-Most popular among young adults and college students.

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- Considered a Hallucinogen
- Classified as a schedule 1 drug, however is not proven to be addictive.
- Has no medical uses and is illegal in the US and UK

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- Heightened emotions and senses
- Believe they "open" the mind
- Feelings of relaxation
- Can relieve depression, anxiety
- A sense of freedom from reality, hense the street name "Liberty Caps"
- To Achieve a sense of Euphoria

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-Loss of bladder control
-Muscle weakness
-Sweating, high body temperature

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- Impaired judgement and detachment
- Development of anxiety or panic attacks
- Psychosis
- Mood swings
- Paranoia, disorientation

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Psilocybe Semilanceata,
Amanita Muscaria,
Copelandia Cyanscens,
Psilocybe Cubensis

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Shrooms
Caps
Liberty Caps
Boomers
Mushies
Gods Flesh