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In 480 BCE, Persian King Xerxes launched a naval attack on the Greeks in the Saronic Gulf.  The Greek Athenians had fled to Salamis after the conclusion of the Battle of Thermopylae. Using strategic advice, the Athenian commander lured the Persian fleet, which heavily outnumbered the Greek fleet, into narrow waterways.

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The Persians sailed into the straits of Salamis, having been exhausted by the search for the Greeks. The Greek plan worked perfectly, and the tired Persians sailed directly into the trap. The large Persian fleet could not maneuver in the straits, and the Greeks quickly took advantage. The Persian fleet lost 200 ships, while the Greek fleet only lost about 40. Xerxes witnessed his men fail in battle from a throne atop a hill overlooking the battle site.

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The Greeks assumed the upper ground in the ongoing Persian Wars. The defeat sunk all morale for Persian soldiers and officials. Historians widely agree that this battle was the turning point in the conflicts. Western civilization soon arose in the world, and many believe that this battle caused it with the Greeks avoiding annexation by the Persians.