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In this site you can find information on geological faults. To find out what these things are and to learn something of their importance, visit the introduction first. You can also choose topics from the column of icons. Most of this material relates to the first year course in structural geology in Leeds (EARS 1053).

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A fracture with no movement on either side is a joint. Dip-slip faults show vertical movement. In a normal fault, the hanging wall drops down relative to the footwall. The reverse is true of a reverse fault. Strike-slip faults have horizontal motions due to shear stress.

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http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/earth/earthquakes.html
http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/structure/faults/

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The 2004 earthquake that occurred in the Indian Ocean near Sumatra, Indonesia triggered a series of tsunamis that killed over 200000 people in 14 countries.
An earthquake that hit Haiti in January 2010 with a magnitude of 7.0 killed over 200000 people according to Haitian sources.
The most powerful earthquake ever recorded on Earth was in Valdivia, Chile. Occurring in 1960, it had a magnitude of 9.5.

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How does Earthquake occur with explanation - Social Science 3D animation video in HD

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• amplitude: Height of a wave; this can be measured from a center line to the top of the crest, or to the bottom

of the trough.

• body wave: Type of seismic wave that travels through the body of a planet; body waves include primary waves and secondary waves.

• crest: Highest point of a wave.

• Love wave: Surface wave that has a side-to-side motion, much like a slithering snake.

• primary wave (P-wave): Fastest type of body wave, capable of traveling through solids, liquids, and gases.

• Rayleigh wave: Surface wave that has a rolling motion.

• secondary wave (S-wave): Slower moving, transverse body wave that can only travel through solids.

• surface wave: Seismic wave that travels around the ground surface; the two types are Love and Rayleigh waves.

• trough: Lowest point of a wave.

• wavelength: Horizontal distance between two waves, as measured from crest to crest or trough to trough.

• tsunami: Enormous wave generated by vertical movement of the ocean floor during an underwater earthquake; tsunamis can also be caused by volcanic eruptions, landslides, or meteorite impacts. A deadly set of waves can rise high on a beach and travel far inland.

• dip: Angle of a fault relative to horizontal.

• dip-slip fault: Fault in which the dip of the fault plane is inclined relative to the horizontal.

• fault: Fracture along which one side has moved relative to the other.

• fault zone: Group of faults.

• joint: Break in rock along which there is no movement.

• normal fault: Dip-slip fault in which the hanging wall drops down relative to the footwall.

• reverse fault: Dip-slip fault in which the hanging wall pushes up relative to the footwall.

• slip: Distance rocks move along a fault.

• strike-slip fault: Fault in which the dip of the fault plane is vertical.

• thrust fault: Reverse fault in which the dip of the fault plane is nearly horizontal

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Tsunamis have relatively low amplitude and long wavelengths. They are not noticeable until they move up a shore. Tsunami warning systems are now found in most locations where tsunamis are possible. The Boxing Day Tsunami of 2004 came from a massive earthquake. The waves traveled across the Indian Ocean, causing death and destruction in 12 nations. In Japan, the tsunami struck very quickly after the 9.0 earthquake in the subduction zone offshore. Many more

people died from the tsunami than the quake.

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Body waves travel through the body of a planet. Surface waves travel along the surface. There are two types of body waves: P-waves travel fastest and through solids, liquids, and gases; S-waves only travel through solids. Surface waves are the slowest, but they do the most damage in an earthquake.