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There are four base pairs. They are adenine thymine and guanine cytosine in DNA. There are also rules when it comes to base paring.

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In 1869, Fried Miescher took apart a molecule from the cells nuclei and called it nuclien. He started by looking into leukocytes, which is a cell with a different protein properties. He compared the DNA with the proteins and noticed some differences. With an experiment that he did, he discovered a combination of protein, DNA and RNA near the nucleus. This is important because during this time, nobody knew about nuclien.

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In 1952, Rosalind Franklin created a photograph 51 showing a rare pattern that shows the helical shape of a DNA. Her photograph is important because it is now the most famous x ray image of DNA.

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In 1953, James and Francis discovered the double helix structure of DNA. They both made a model that represented DNA as double helix. The double helix structure is a molecule containing human genes. Their work is important because they helped other scientists in the future.

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DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is made of many chemicals called nucleotides. DNA contains the direction for an organism to develop. It also helps us figure out what organisms are closely related.

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The nucleotides of DNA are cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine. The three parts of nucleotides are the nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group.