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1. People with more education are more likely to vote.
2. People with more income are more likely to vote.
3. Voters in lower income brackets are more likely to vote Democrat.
4. Older people are more likely to vote than younger people.
5. Young voters are more likely to vote Democrat & older voters more likely to vote Republican.
6. Women vote at a higher percentage than men.
7. Women generally support Democratic Party; men favor the Republicans.
8. Protestants vote Republican; majority of Jewish and Catholic voters support Democratic candidate.
9. Whites tend to have higher turnout than African-Americans, Hispanics, & other minorities.
10. African Americans strongly support Democratic Presidential & Congressional candidates.

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Voting Rights Amendments - 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 24th, & 26th Amendments

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26th Amendment lowered voting age from 21 yrs old to 18.

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banned discrimination in voting
Abolished use of literacy test

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Before 1964 a number of states used poll taxes as a way to  keep blacks & poor whites from voting.
24th Amendment outlawed the poll tax or any tax as a qualification for voting.

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Before 1961 residents of the District of Columbia (DC) could not vote in presidential elections.
Amendment 23 added voters living the District of Columbia to the electorate.

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National Voter Registration Act (AKA Motor Voter Act) of 1993

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National Voter Registration Act (AKA Motor Voter Act) of 1993

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made voter registration easier by allowing people to register to vote while applying for or renewing a driver's license

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By 1920 some states (New York & western states) gave women full voting rights
The Nineteenth Amendment gave women right to vote.

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White primaries were primary elections held in the South in which only white voters were permitted to participate.

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Prohibited voting restrictions based on "race, color or previous condition of servitude".
Despite 15th Amendment, a combination of literacy tests, poll taxes, white primaries and the grandfather clause African Americans were not allowed to vote

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President Andrew Jackson had great respect for the common sense  & abilities of the common man.
By 1850, almost all white adult males had the right to vote

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In 1789 only white property owners could vote
Only about 1 out of 15 adult white males had right to vote.

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Federal laws (Voting Rights Act of 1965) & constitutional amendments have eliminated restriction on right to vote EXPANDING THE ELECTORATE

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the more divisive issues tend to hold a high saliency, or importance, to an individual or a group.
An example- Name an issue that has low saliency for teens?  Answer Social Security

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Pollster says   "If you knew that Candidate A favored killing puppies, would you still vote for him?". This kind of questionmakes Candidate A seem like a horrible person,

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Push Poll (meant to influence voter opinion)

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Push Poll (meant to influence voter opinion)

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a telephone poll with a hidden  motive; Rather than a series of neutral questions  the caller,  commonly a tape-recorded voice, offers positive points about the candidate or negative points about the opponent.

What is this political cartoon showing? This cartoon is an example of push polling

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Pollster asks kids how President Trump is Doing

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a measure of Presidential approval used since the 1930's; a pollster  asks whether or not you approve, yes or no, of the job the President is doing

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a disaster in public opinion polling.  FDR up for reelection. Literary Digest, a popular magazine, based on its polling, predicted the Republican candidate Alfred Landon would beat incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt; The problem with their poll it only sampled people who owned a car or a telephone, which did not represent most Americans during the Great Depression.

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Rasmussen Tracking Poll President's Trump Approval Rating 2/20

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Rasmussen Tracking Poll President's Trump Approval Rating 2/20

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This is a daily poll. Candidates can follow to see if they are moving up or down in public opinion.

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1) conducted every 24 hours
2) allows a candidate to daily chart/track if he goes up or down public opinion

Ex.

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Daily Presidential Tracking Poll

The Rasmussen Reports daily Presidential Tracking Poll for Tuesday shows that 47% of Likely U.S. Voters approve of President Trump's job performance. Fifty-two percent (52%) disapprove.

The latest figures include 30% who Strongly Approve of the way Trump is performing and 43% who Strongly Disapprove. This gives him a Presidential Approval Index rating of -13. ( see trends).

Regular updates are posted Monday through Friday at 9:30 a.m. Eastern (sign up for free daily email update).

Now that Gallup has quit the field, Rasmussen Reports is the only nationally recognized public opinion firm that still tracks President Trump's job approval ratings on a daily basis. If your organization is interested in a weekly or longer sponsorship of Rasmussen Reports' Daily Presidential Tracking Poll, please send e-mail to beth@rasmussenreports.com.

Although harsh winter nor'easters continue to threaten much of the eastern United States, today is still the first day of spring, and that puts a spring in the steps of most Americans.

Perhaps in that spirit of renewal, President Trump yesterday again tweeted for Congress to deal on the issue of undocumented immigrants raised in the United States: "The Democrats do not want to help DACA. Would be so easy to make a deal!" But when it comes to immigration, voters want to take care of those brought here as children first, then focus on building a wall.

Trump yesterday also called for tough action on the U.S. opioid epidemic including punishing suppliers with the death penalty. But while 61% of American Adults say drug testing should be required of applicants for all or most jobs, voters have little faith in the war on drugs.

We'll tell you at 10:30 whether voters think Trump should campaign for candidates espousing support for his policies.

(More below)

Facebook and other Internet companies are in the hot seat this week for their handling (or mishandling) of user data, but in a related matter, just one year ago Congress voted to eliminate online privacy rules. Eighty-two percent (82%) of American Adults then said internet service providers should have to notify customers before they collect certain personal data.

Members of the Congressional Black Caucus and a leader of the Women's March are catching heat after information surfaced that they met with or appeared at events with Louis Farrakhan, a notorious anti-Semite. While a majority of voters don't like the leader of the Nation of Islam, black voters see him in a more favorable light.

Forty-one percent (41%) of voters now think the country is heading in the right direction.

(More below)

Some readers wonder how we come up with our job approval ratings for the president since they often don't show as dramatic a change as some other pollsters do. It depends on how you ask the question and whom you ask.

To get a sense of longer-term job approval trends for the president, Rasmussen Reports compiles our tracking data on a full month-by-month basis.

Rasmussen Reports has been a pioneer in the use of automated telephone polling techniques, but many other firms still utilize their own operator-assisted technology ( see methodology).

Daily tracking results are collected via telephone surveys of 500 likely voters per night and reported on a three-day rolling average basis. To reach those who have abandoned traditional landline telephones, Rasmussen Reports uses an online survey tool to interview randomly selected participants from a demographically diverse panel. The margin of sampling error for the full sample of 1,500 Likely Voters is +/- 2.5 percentage points with a 95% level of confidence. Results are also compiled on a full-week basis and crosstabs for full-week results are available for Platinum Members.

Rasmussen Reports is a media company specializing in the collection, publication and distribution of public opinion information.

We conduct public opinion polls on a variety of topics to inform our audience on events in the news and other topics of interest. To ensure editorial control and independence, we pay for the polls ourselves and generate revenue through the sale of subscriptions, sponsorships, and advertising. Nightly polling on politics, business and lifestyle topics provides the content to update the Rasmussen Reports web site many times each day. If it's in the news, it's in our polls. Additionally, the data drives a daily update newsletter and various media outlets across the country.

Some information, including the Rasmussen Reports daily Presidential Tracking Poll and commentaries are available for free to the general public. Subscriptions are available for $4.95 a month or 34.95 a year that provide subscribers with exclusive access to more than 20 stories per week on upcoming elections, consumer confidence, and issues that affect us all. For those who are really into the numbers, Platinum Members can review demographic crosstabs and a full history of our data.

To learn more about our methodology, click here.

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The Rasmussen Reports daily Presidential Tracking Poll for Tuesday shows that 47% of Likely U.S. Voters approve of President Trump's job performance. Fifty-two percent (52%) disapprove. The latest figures include 30% who Strongly Approve of the way Trump is performing and 43% who Strongly Disapprove. This gives him a Presidential Approval Index rating of -13.

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a poll taken of voters  immediately after they have exited the polling places. Unlike an opinion poll, which asks who you plan  to vote for. E xit polls asks who the voter actually voted.

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Traditional Telephone Polls, Exit Polls, Tracking Polls, Internet Polls, Push Polls

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Unscientific surveys used to gauge public opinion on a variety of issues and policies

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interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population

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what the public thinks about a particular issue or set of issues

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issues that sharply divide the public

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Opposed to government intervention & regulation. Libertarians  have a high regard for civil liberties & rights outlined in the Bill of Rights. Libertarians oppose censorship , want lower taxes, and dislike government.  They are conservative on economic issues and liberal on social  issues.

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Most released exams have included a multiple choice question asking students to either define political socialization or recognize that the family plays the most important role in passing political values from one  generation to the next.

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Record your answers & post here.

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Are your results the same as the other test?

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Pew Research Center for the People and the Press

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Are you a Core Conservative? A Solid Liberal? Or somewhere in between? Take our quiz to find out which one of our Political Typology groups is your best match.

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Take the quiz!

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If you have been directed here directly from another site, we ask that you read our homepage before continuing

Before taking the test: Please note that this isn't a survey, and these aren't questions. They're propositions. To question the logic of individual ones that irritate you is to miss the point. Some propositions are extreme, and some are moderate. That's how we can show you whether you lean towards extremism or moderation on the Compass. Your responses should not be overthought. Some of them are intentionally vague. Their purpose is to trigger reactions in the mind, measuring feelings and prejudices rather than detailed opinions on policy.

Page 1 of 6

Just a few propositions to start with, concerning - no less - how you see the country and the world.

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self-test of your position on 2 political dimensions

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belief that your political participation matters and can make a difference!

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Voting for candidates of different parties.  More split-ticket voting as number of independent voters increases.

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What is political efficacy?
What does the father mean when he says "rest of are roadkill"?
How do you rate the father's political efficacy?

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set of widely shared political beliefs & values.
US political culture characterized by strong support for individual freedom,  political & legal equality, rule of law, limited government

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Review Video Differences between Liberals & Conservatives

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Review Video Differences between Liberals & Conservatives

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AP Gov Review: Video #11, Citizens' Political Beliefs

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If you would like to download the PowerPoint or fill-in-the-blanks video guide, please go here: http://www.apgovreview.com/ap-government-essential-videos/unit-2-political-beliefs-and-behaviors/ In this video, I explain the beliefs of American Citizens, with a special focus on characteristics of liberals and conservatives. All pictures are part of the public domain.

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Video discusses froms of conventional participation & unconventional participation along with factors that influence voting. 

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Video discusses froms of conventional participation & unconventional participation along with factors that influence voting. 

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AP Gov Review: Video #10, Participation In Politics

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If you would like to download the PowerPoint or fill-in-the-blanks video guide, please go here: http://www.apgovreview.com/ap-government-essential-videos/unit-2-political-beliefs-and-behaviors/ In this video, I explain the ways people participate in politics; both conventional and unconventional. All pictures are part of the public domain.

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Description: If you would like to download the PowerPoint or fill-in-the-blanks video guide, please go here: http://www.apgovreview.com/ap-government-essential-videos/unit-2-political-beliefs-and-behaviors/ In this video, I explain beliefs of the public as a whole, as well as how public opinion is measured. All pictures are part of the public domain.

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1. Some say politicians spend TOO MUCH TIME worrying about polls.  Polls have TOO MUCH influence.
2. Polls may create a bandwagon effect.
Ex. If a opinion poll shows a candidate has a big lead, other voters may be more likely to vote for them too.

(It is the bandwagon effect you should DO IT because everyone

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1. They help politicians determine what is important to public.
2. lets politician stay in touch with voters

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South (Bible Belt) is heavily Republican/ conservatives  West Coast tends to be liberal

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South (Bible Belt) is heavily Republican/ conservatives  West Coast tends to be liberal

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West Coast

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Public polls liberal conservative us map

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Upper Midwest (Industrial /rust belt) is liberal on economic issues(because of all the factories and union members) but can be conservative on social issues (because they are Catholic)

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Upper Midwest (Industrial /rust belt) is liberal on economic issues(because of all the factories and union members) but can be conservative on social issues (because they are Catholic)

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Public polls liberal conservative us map

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Public polls liberal conservative us map

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Pretty accurate within 3% means if a poll shows 50% of Americans think the President is doing a good job. It could be as low as 47% think the President is doing a good job or as high as 53%.

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Example of poll question Which is leading/biased?

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Example of poll question Which is leading/biased?

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How would you rate the President's job performance?
OR
Do you agree with most Americans that the President is doing a poor job?

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Characteristics of Effective Opinion Polls

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Characteristics of Effective Opinion Polls

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1. Random sampling (randomly select people to take poll)
2. must be a representative sample (means people who take the poll reflect society as a whole , 50% female. 15% black, etc)
3. large sample size (more people take it the better)
4. questions are unbiased/not leading

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More educated people more likely to vote.

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More educated people more likely to vote.

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1. Family (#1 influencer how you will vote your parents & family)
2. Media (TV news, newspapers, internet)
3. School

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In US electorate breaks down roughly into thirds

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In US electorate breaks down roughly into thirds

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1/3 Democrats
1/3 Republicans
1/3 Independents

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Feeling connected to a political party.   Political socialization influences party identification.  Family, education, socioeconomic conditions affect party identification.

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FOR
--expanding US military power
--less govt. regulation of business
--for school prayer
--for 2nd Amendment gun rights
-- for free market, laissez-faire economics
--for the death penalty

AGAINST
--abortion
--federal social & welfare programs
--national health care system

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--Supports social reform
--Government regulation of the economy
--Expand programs for the poor, minorities, and women
--National Health care
For abortion

AGAINST
--military spending
--committing troops to foreign wars
--against prayer in public school

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The difference between the political opinions or political behavior of men and of women.

Women are more likely to support Democratic candidates. Women tend to be  less conservative than men.

Women are  more likely to support spending on social services and be against  spending on the military.

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1. THE FAMILY (YOUR PARENTS)  is the most important agent of political socialization.
2. Education- Student government and social studies  play key role in teaching students values of liberty, equality, individualism, and democracy. More educated more involved in politics.
3. Social groups
-Differences between black & white Americans on race relations. Ex. affirmative action
-Men & women differ on issues (defense spending)
-Religious groups differ on issues like same-sex marriage, abortion, school prayer

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process of forming and passing down political values from one generation to the next.

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Public Opinion: Crash Course Government and Politics #33

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This is a student making his OWN Crash Course videos to help him review for his AP exam.  WOW!

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This is a student making his OWN Crash Course videos to help him review for his AP exam.  WOW!

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AP US Government Crash Course Episode 1: Public Opinion and Political Beliefs

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This is my first take on Crash Course, made with the intention of helping me learn, and hopefully you in the process. Leave suggestions down below, hopefully these videos will get a better flow and be more organized as the year goes on.

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Crash Course Video on Political Socialization

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Crash Course Video on Political Socialization

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Watch it!

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Political Ideology: Crash Course Government and Politics #35

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Test writers often write multiple choice questions asking students to identify an answer that  is NOT a core value of American political culture.  Important to remember while our political culture supports economic opportunity it does NOT support economic equality.

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1. Liberty/Freedom
2. Equality (Political Equality-everyone should have equal voting rights, Legal equality, and equality of opportunity)
3. Individualism
4. Democracy