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Chickenpox also known as Varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with variclla zoster virus (VZV).

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It results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It usually starts on the chest, back, and face then spread to the rest of the body. 

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It results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It usually starts on the chest, back, and face then spread to the rest of the body. 

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In children the illness is not usually proceeded by early symptoms, and the first sign is the rash or the spots in the oral cavity. The rash begins as small red dots on the face, scalp, torso, upper arms and legs; progressing over 10-12 hours to small bumps, blisters and pustules; followed by umbilication and the formation of scabs. It usually resolves by itself within a couple of weeks. The rash may, however, last for up to one month. Chickenpox is contagious starting from one to two days before the appearance of the rash and last until the lesions have crusted. 

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In children the illness is not usually proceeded by early symptoms, and the first sign is the rash or the spots in the oral cavity. The rash begins as small red dots on the face, scalp, torso, upper arms and legs; progressing over 10-12 hours to small bumps, blisters and pustules; followed by umbilication and the formation of scabs. It usually resolves by itself within a couple of weeks. The rash may, however, last for up to one month. Chickenpox is contagious starting from one to two days before the appearance of the rash and last until the lesions have crusted. 

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Other symptoms may include fever, tiredness, and headaches. Symptoms usually last five to seven days. Complications may occasionally include pneumonia, inflammation of the brain, and bacterial skin infections.

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Symptoms begin 10 to 21 days after exposure to the virus. The early symptoms in adults and adolescents are nausea, loss of appetite, aching muscles, and headache, followed by rash or oral sores, malaise, and a low-grade fever that signal the presence of the disease.

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After a chickenpox infection, the virus remains dormant in the body's nerve tissues. The immune system keeps the virus at bay, but later in life, usually in an adult, it can be reactivated and cause shingles which is a different form of the viral infection.

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Chickenpox is rarely fatal, although it is generally more severe in adult men than in women or children. Non-immune pregnant women and those with a suppressed immune systems are at highest risk of serious complications.

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Chickenpox is rarely fatal, although it is generally more severe in adult men than in women or children. Non-immune pregnant women and those with a suppressed immune systems are at highest risk of serious complications.

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Prevention: The spread of chickenpox can be prevented by isolating affected individuals. Contagion is by exposure to respiratory droplets, or direct contact with lesions, within a period lasting from three days before the onset of the rash, to four days after the onset of the rash. The chickenpox virus is susceptible to disinfectants, notably chlorine bleach. It is sensitive to heat and detergents.

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The varicella vaccine is recommended in many countries. A vaccinated person is likely to have a milder case of chickenpox if they become infected.

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Treatment: mainly consists of easing the symptoms. People usually stay at home while they are infectious to avoid spreading the disease. Cutting nails short or wearing gloves may prevent scratching and minimize the risk of secondary infections. Antivirals are sometimes used.