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For thousands of years, Anatolia hosted many civilizations because of its fertile lands and water sources. Hittites, Lydians, Persians, Romans, Greeks, Seljuk Turks, Ottoman Turks and finally Turkey. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, our great leader, Father of all Turks, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founded the Republic of Turkey in 1923.

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Language means culture. So we have to talk about our language in order to talk about our culture.

Unlike European languages, Turkish belongs to Altaic language family and it is an agglitunitive language. That means, we can derive new words just by adding affixes to end of the word. If an example is needed:
"Göz" means "eye". If we are to add "-lık" to the end of it, it becomes "gözlük" and it means "glasses". Let's add another affix: "-cı". It transforms our word into "gözlükçü", which means "the person who sells glasses". And if we are crazy enough to add another "-lık" it finally becomes "gözlükçülük" and it means "the trade of selling glasses".

Turkish is also spoken throughout Turkestan-Central Asia, besides Turkey and Cyprus. Azerbaijanis, Kazakhs, Kyrgyzs, Turkmens, Uzbeks, Uighurs, Tatars and many other Turkic tribes speak dialects of Turkish language. It has aproximately 200-220 million native speakers.

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Mahmud of Kashgar (Kaşgarlı Mahmut) was born in Kashgar/Kara Khanid Empire in 1005. He is the first linguist and the first turcologist of Turkish people. He is known for his masterpiece: ''Divanu Lugati-t Türk'', which means ''Dictionary of Turkic Languages'' in Arabic. He wrote this book for two reasons. First, he wanted to show everyone how superior Turkish language is, compared to other languages; and the second reason is that he wanted to teach Turkish language to non-Turkish people, especially Arabians and Persians. Thanks to his masterpiece, we can learn our mother tounge's history. We owe him so much.

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Many people know him because of his conquest on Constantinople in 1453, although this isn't the only thing that makes him special. Many historians agree on that Mehmed II was the most intellectual man of his time. He valued mathematics, astronomy, art. He knew several languages including Turkish, Greek, Persian, Serbian, Latin and Arabian. With these attributes, Ottoman Empire prospered in his time.
After conquering Constantinople, he claimed the title "Caesar" in order to become the Emperor of the Third Roman Empire. He also started the Conquest of Italy for the same purpose; but during that, in 1481, he died. He was such a good leader, even though he lived centuries ago, many Turks still miss him.

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Atatürk was born in Thessaloniki, in 1881. Starting from his childhood, he has seen how corrupted a state could be. He detested the way Ottoman Empire was going on. He joined the army in his childhood and became a succesful commander. He battled in Tripoli, Balkans, Albania, Caucasia, Gallipoli; and when the things got bad, he started the Turkish Independence War and founded a new government, just to make his dreams come true: a strong state with healthy commerce, manifacturing, solid alliances, progressive science and fair, independent courts that hand down just judgements. And he managed to do just that. The Great Turk, Head Teacher, Strategic Genius, Marshal of Turkish Armies, re-Conqueror of Western Anatolia, Father of All Turks, finally built the secular and democratic Turkish state he desired. May the blessings of god be upon him, we shall make him proud.

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Cahit Arf was born in Thessaloniki, on 11 October 1910. His family migrated to İzmir, because of the Balkan War in 1912. He is one of the best mathematicians Turkey has ever raised. He is known for the Arf invariant, Hasse-Arf theorem, Arf semigroups and Arf rings. He studied for all of his life and taught whatever he knows. For that, he is a great value for not only Turks, but for the science world as well. He also has his place on 10 Turkish Liras.