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Children learned their first language through stimulus, response, and reinforcement.

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"In addition, child language researchers noticed that parents typically reinforce their children for the meaning of their utterances, not for grammatical correctness" (pg. 61, Boyle & Peregoy)

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Behaviorist Theory of Second Language Acquisition

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Children construct a grammar through a process of hypothesis testing (create sentences by using rules rather than by merely repeating messages they have heard, as assumed by behaviorists)

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"Children acquire grammatical rules, according to Chomsky, with little help from their parents or caregivers" (pg. 62, Boyle & Peregoy)

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Innatist Perspective - Teaching Theories

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Assert that caregivers play a critical role in language acquisition.

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". . . caregivers play a critical role in adjusting language to facilitate the use of innate capacities for language acquisition" (pg. 62, Boyle & Peregoy)

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There is a distinct difference between acquiring and learning a second language.
Acquisition focuses on communication (not the accuracy form).
The Language Learning goes more in depth about knowing the language.

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The development of internal grammar editor or monitor after they are able to talk or write in the desired second language. Thus helping them polish the new language.
Three conditions are necessary:
1) sufficient time
2) focus on grammatical form
3) explicit knowledge of rules

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Learning acquire through rules of a language in a predictable sequence.

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Understanding the target language in natural communication situations. Concerned mainly with acquisition not learning.
1) Must be understandable
2) Must contain grammatical structures that are beyond current linguistic knowledge
3) Must be part of naturally flowing language

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Address affective or social-emotional variables related to second language acquisition.

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Processes involved in second or foreign language learning. Language is explained in terms of
imitation, repetition, and reinforcement of grammatical structures.

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" Errors were to be corrected immediately to avoid forming bad habits that would be difficult to overcome later" (pg. 65, Boyle & Peregoy).

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Psych 1 - 01.04.04: Behavioral Perspective

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We understand language because we unconsciously know the rules of the language.

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"Children's grammatical errors were then examined to determine whether they could bee attributed to influence from the first language or whether they were similar to the types of errors young, native English-speaking children make"