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Sophie Sevastyanova-Pecherkina

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A special law called Special Feild Order Number 5. The plan was to give 40 acres of land. Three months later saw the 40 aces of land and a mule policy a way to work for themselves, not for Whites. President Andrew Johnson required all the land returned to the previous owner of the land. This happened in the summer in 1865.

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The 14th and 15th Amendment guaranteed civil rights for colored people.

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This picture is about how Jim Crow laws have to go. Also it’s against the laws that prevent blacks from attending jobs and getting low wages.

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This is the white school compare it to the black school they have things school should have books, desks, etc. Whites also had a better education so that’s really unfair for blacks.

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Sophie Sevastyanova-Pecherkina

In the final months of the Civil War many freed slaves left to follow William T. Sherman army troops. In January 1865 there where too many refugees!

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Back then if you did not follow Jim Crow etiquette, then you,would be killed. Also there was a mob called lynching and they would kill people. If they were caught, then they would be hanged or killed

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I learned that the 15th Amendment was ratified in 1870 and said that all people can vote. I also learned that half a million blacks voted in the south in 1870.

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Sharecropping is when a landowner shares some of his/her plots to another person, for return of their crops at the end of the year given. It was mostly used in the rural south, but sometimes, not often it was used in the east, west, and north.

This picture is of 5 African-Americans using tools to work on their crops.

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I learned that the 13, 14,and 15th amendment of the constitution helped the black people get the same thing whites people had. Shaking hands with a white person implied being equal with the white person.This picture shows white people protesting about people, race mixing, so white people don’t want to be together with black people.

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The 14th and 15th amendments guarantee civil rights for black Americans but the right to vote was taken away by white supremasists state governments.

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A man that just came back from war . He wanted to go vote with his friends but , some white man didn’t let them because they were black . This was an example of segregation. 

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A man that just came back from war . He wanted to go vote with his friends but , some white man didn’t let them because they were black . This was an example of segregation. 

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Many African American schools roofs would have leaks and no glass. Their school houses were a lot more poorly done and were most likely ended at fourth grade. 

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Many African American schools roofs would have leaks and no glass. Their school houses were a lot more poorly done and were most likely ended at fourth grade. 

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This is a group of people who are faching crops on there small plot of land that small amount of African Americans owned

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During the Jim Crow laws did not let colored people vote. Even if they tried the white people stopped them. I think this is very bad and not fair. When colored people even fought in the war they still were not allowed to vote

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Sharecropping has been practiced worldwide. In this picture, the landowner’s tenants are using the land in return 

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Sharecropping has been practiced worldwide. In this picture, the landowner’s tenants are using the land in return 

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.this picture is about how Jim Crow laws have to go. Also it’s against the laws that prevent blacks from attending jobs and getting low wages.

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I learned that the 15th Amendment was ratified in 1870 and basically stated that all people can’t vote. I also learned that half a million blacks voted in the south in 1870.

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This is how the blacks had to go to school the whites had better desks, school house, fountains, etc. so the whites basically had everything clean and better. When you look at the table you ask “were are the desks?” or something close to that, but isn’t that pretty unfair if they wanted to be even.

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Most Africans Americans that attended schools were in grades 4th or lower than that. Then they would leave school at grade 4.

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The 15th a

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This is a picture of an African Americans school in the 1930’s, and how unfair this quality is to them. The school shows it’s low quality because it’s a one room shack and it is a run down shack too.

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http://allthatsinteresting.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/nervous-girl-.jpg

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During Jim Crow Laws African Americans weren’t allowed to vote, even if they fought for the war. If you tried to vote white people would stop you. Your skin color would determine would whole life. In this picture African American people are protesting for their rights to vote.

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Blacks often did not graduate the fourth grade because their white owners needed them to harvest crops. Even when blacks were able to go to school, usually it would be in terrible conditions and had to use hand-me-downs from the white children.

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Jim Crow laws were not only just a set of laws, but back then it was a way of life. The Jim Crow laws included rules such as colored people had different water fountains, bathrooms, chairs, seats on the bus, etc.

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Sharecropping is when a landowner allows a tenant to use land in return for a share of crops produced on their portion of land.

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Sharecropping is when a landowner allows a tenant to use land in return for a share of crops produced on their portion of land.

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This shows a restaurant with Jim Crow laws. Whites are in one room and blacks are in the other

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White schools benefited better than black schools because white schools received more public money. This money would go to books and school supplies.

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http://www.crf-usa.org/images/stories/bhm/bhmhiramrevels.png

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Expansion, however, was a hard sell during the Depression, especially given business emphasis on retrenchment. During the first half of the decade progressive educators were thwarted at every turn by conservatives and businessmen. Capital outlays for education actually shrank to levels of twenty years earlier. Teachers turned militant, organizing, affiliating with trade unions, and taking their case to the people.

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Sharecropping is a type of farming in which families rent small plots of land from a landowner in return for a portion of their crop, to be given to the landowner at the end of each year. Different types of sharecropping have been practiced worldwide for centuries, but in the rural South, it was typically practiced by former slaves.

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Use this website to find out more about all-black schools in the 1930's.

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Use this link to find out more about sharecropping:

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Use this link to find out more information about the white schools during this time.

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Jim Crow Laws Were Wicked in Their Own Right. The Jim Crow Etiquette Was Worse.

So, who was Jim Crow anyway? The origin of the phrase "Jim Crow" has often been attributed to "Jump Jim Crow", a song-and-dance caricature of African Americans performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice in blackface, which first surfaced in 1832 and was used to satirize Andrew Jackson's populist policies. As a result of Rice's fame, "Jim Crow" had become a pejorative expression meaning "African American" by 1838, and from this the laws of racial segregation became known as Jim Crow laws. So Jim Crow wasn't a real person. You better believe the laws were real.

Jim Crow was the name of the racial caste system which operated primarily, but not exclusively in southern and border states, between 1877 and the mid-1960s.

Jim Crow was more than a series of rigid anti-Black laws. It was a way of life.

Under Jim Crow, African Americans were relegated to the status of second class citizens. Craniologists, eugenicists, phrenologists, and Social Darwinists, at every educational level, buttressed the belief that Blacks were innately intellectually and culturally inferior to Whites. Pro-segregation politicians gave eloquent speeches on the great danger of integration: the mongrelization of the White race. Even simple children's games portrayed blacks as inferior people.

Most of us are familiar in some way with the Jim Crow laws. Blacks were to use different entrances, different schools, different seats on the bus. Blacks were to use different water fountains, different chairs, and so on. Failure to abide by these laws meant you could be beaten, jailed, or worse. Laws were passed which excluded Blacks from public transport and facilities, juries, jobs, and neighborhoods. The passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution had granted Blacks the same legal protections as Whites. However, after 1877, and the election of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, southern and border states began restricting the liberties of Blacks. Unfortunately for Blacks, the Supreme Court helped undermine the Constitutional protections of Blacks with the infamous Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) case, which legitimized Jim Crow laws and the Jim Crow way of life.

However, there was more to the Jim Crow System than just the laws. Sure, the laws were scary. They were real. They were in place. But according to research, it was the other part of the Jim Crow System - the Jim Crow Etiquette - that really scared the people. The Jim Crow system was undergirded by the following beliefs or rationalizations: Whites were superior to Blacks in all important ways, including but not limited to intelligence, morality, and civilized behavior; sexual relations between Blacks and Whites would produce a mongrel race which would destroy America; treating Blacks as equals would encourage interracial sexual unions; any activity which suggested social equality encouraged interracial sexual relations; if necessary, violence must be used to keep Blacks at the bottom of the racial hierarchy.

Here are some examples of Jim Crow Etiquette.

1. A Black male could not offer his hand (to shake hands) with a White male because it implied being socially equal. Obviously, a Black male could not offer his hand or any other part of his body to a White woman, because he risked being accused of rape.

2. Blacks and Whites were not supposed to eat together. If they did eat together, Whites were to be served first, and some sort of partition was to be placed between them.

3. Under no circumstance was a Black male to offer to light the cigarette of a White female - that gesture implied intimacy.

4. Blacks were not allowed to show public affection toward one another in public, especially kissing, because it offended Whites.

5. Jim Crow etiquette prescribed that Blacks were introduced to Whites, never Whites to Blacks. For example: "Mr. Peters (the White person), this is Charlie (the Black person), that I spoke to you about."

6. Whites did not use courtesy titles of respect when referring to Blacks, for example, Mr., Mrs., Miss., Sir, or Ma'am. Instead, Blacks were called by their first names. Blacks had to use courtesy titles when referring to Whites, and were not allowed to call them by their first names.

7. If a Black person rode in a car driven by a White person, the Black person sat in the back seat, or the back of a truck.

8. White motorists had the right-of-way at all intersections.

Moreover, Blacks were to remember the following rules when conversing with Whites:

1. Never assert or even intimate that a White person is lying.

2. Never impute dishonorable intentions to a White person.

3. Never suggest that a White person is from an inferior class.

4. Never lay claim to, or overly demonstrate, superior knowledge or intelligence.

5. Never curse a White person.

6. Never laugh derisively at a White person.

7. Never comment upon the appearance of a White female.

There were other interesting tactics used as well. For instance, poor blacks were charged a fee if they wanted to vote. Or only Democrats could vote, and only Whites could be Democrats. Another tactic used was an eligibility test where Blacks were asked to name every Senator ever to serve the country.

Though White men often had relations with Black women, under Jim Crow any and all sexual interactions between Black men and White women was illegal, illicit, socially repugnant, and within the Jim Crow definition of rape.

Violate the Jim Crow law, and you go to Jail. Violate the Jim Crow Etiquette, and you get worse than jail. You get killed. Violence was instrumental for Jim Crow. It was a method of social control. The most extreme forms of Jim Crow violence were lynchings.

Lynchings were public, often sadistic, murders carried out by mobs. Between 1882, when the first reliable data were collected, and 1968, when lynchings had become rare, there were 4,730 known lynchings, including 3,440 Black men and women. Most of the victims of Lynch-Law were hanged or shot, but some were burned at the stake, castrated, beaten with clubs, or dismembered. In the mid-1800s, Whites constituted the majority of victims (and perpetrators); however, by the period of Radical Reconstruction, Blacks became the most frequent lynching victims. This is an early indication that lynching was used as an intimidation tool to keep Blacks, in this case the newly-freedmen, "in their places." The great majority of lynchings occurred in southern and border states, where the resentment against Blacks ran deepest. According to the social economist Gunnar Myrdal: "The southern states account for nine-tenths of the lynchings. More than two thirds of the remaining one-tenth occurred in the six states which immediately border the South."

Of course, these laws no longer exist now. But traveling in certain parts of the south, one can easily see that some of the etiquette still lingers in the air.

Cautions are still taken, and fear still exists. Imagine the life of a traveling bluesman - a rambler, a drifter, a man without the support of a community, traveling through the south in the times of Jim Crow. It brings new existence to fear, and brings new meaning to Robert Johnson's singing of "Cross Road Blues."

Standin' at the crossroad, baby, risin' sun goin' down.

Standin' at the crossroad, baby, eee, eee, risin' sun goin' down.
I believe to my soul, now, poor Bob is sinkin' down.

Portions of this article were taken from Ferris State University.

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Jim Crow Laws Were Wicked in Their Own Right. The Jim Crow Etiquette Was Worse. So, who was Jim Crow anyway? The origin of the phrase "Jim Crow" has often been attributed to "Jump Jim Crow", a song-and-dance caricature of African Americans performed by white actor Thomas D.

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Use this link to find out more information about Jim Crow Laws by state.

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Use this link to find out more information.