# data[].attributes.body
Singapore is expected to become warmer, with annual mean temperatures rising between 0.6 and 5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.

Very hot days are projected to increase, with daily maximum temperatures exceeding 35 degrees Celsius becoming more frequent.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Latest Climate Projections For Singapore Show Intensifying Urban Heat And More Wet & Dry Extremes

# data[].attributes.headline
Horticulture: Research on Vegetable/ Herbs

# data[].attributes.subject
Horticulture: Research on Vegetable/ Herbs

# data[].attributes.body
1. Asparagus

The adaptation of asparagus to hot and highly illuminated environments was further shown by its ability to keep positive photosynthesis at both high temperatures, up to 45 °C

Perrenial,Long lasting yield up to 10 years on matured growing beds.

https://journals.ashs.org/hortsci/view/journals/hortsci/54/6/article-p1039.xml

2. Tomato 'Heatmaster' (Heat-tolerant variety)

Heat tolerant above 35 degrees

Robust disease resistance against to Tomato mosaic virus and fusarium wilt

Maturity up to 75 days

Supply:

https://www.vegetables.bayer.com/ca/en-ca/products/tomato/details.html/tomato_heatmaster_usa_seminis_home_garden_home_garden_all.html

https://www.newtonseed.co.nz/products/tomato-heatmaster-hybrid

# data[].attributes.headline
Horticulture: Research on Cereals/ Grains

# data[].attributes.subject
Horticulture: Research on Cereals/ Grains

# data[].attributes.body
1.Bajra, Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.659938/full

2.Jowar, Great Millet (Sorghum Bicolor)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371724098_Climate_resilience_of_dry_season_cereals_in_India

Key Pointers:

These crops can endure temperatures up to 42°C during the reproductive phase, showcasing its resilience to extremely high temperatures.

Possesses a deep root system, enabling it to survive in a wide range of ecological conditions, especially under water scarcity.

Nutritionally dense, with high levels of energy, carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, and various vitamins and minerals.

Both species are able to withstand high temperatures, coupled with its C4 photosynthetic pathway and natural adaptation to arid conditions, positions it as a valuable crop for regions experiencing extreme heat.

3.Amaranthus

Key pointers:

The grain and vegetable amaranth has a C4 photosynthetic pathway which allows it to tolerate droughts and rainfall variability better than cereals like maize

the Amaranthaceae family comprises the highest proportion of halophytic species, possess high genetic variability and adaptability to grow under salinity stress

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8320349/

https://pubs.sciepub.com/wjar/9/1/2/index.html

4. Temasek Rice

5. Short Corn

<Research ongoing>

# data[].attributes.body
1. Dragonfruit (Hylocereus undatus)

It can be grown in rainfall upto 100-2000mm rainfall, with alternate dry and wet period

2. Pomelo (Citrus maxima)

known to give sufficient fruiting even at 45 degrees

Extensive pest & disease resistance

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324133435_Climate_Resilient_Fruit_Crops_-_Possible_Solution_to_Ensure_Nutritional_Security_in_Changing_Climate_Scenario#:~:text=The%20fruit%20crops%20like%20dragon,loss%20due%20to%20changing%20climate

3. Pomegranate

< Research ongoing>

4. Pineapple

< Research ongoing>

5. Enset,False Banana

< Research ongoing>

# data[].attributes.headline
Horticulture: Research on Tuberous/ Rhizomatous Crops

# data[].attributes.subject
Horticulture: Research on Tuberous/ Rhizomatous Crops

# data[].attributes.body
1. Cassava (Manihot esculenta)

78% of research respondents said that cassava production is not affected by soil type, heat waves, excessive heat or changes in weather patterns. They also agreed that the crop requires enough water when planting and afterwards can survive with little water.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6014075/

2. Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum)

< Research ongoing>

# data[].attributes.body
Can you do some research on power demand requirements for

Desalination. (or if there's other types of harvesting freshwater from salt water)

For every 1L of clean water how much energy is required for desalination process.

# data[].attributes.body
Theoretically, about 0.86 kWh of energy is needed to desalinate 1 m³ of salt water (34 500 ppm). This is equivalent to 3 kJ kg⁻¹. The present day desalination plants use 5 to 26 times as much as this theoretical minimum depending on the type of process used.

# data[].attributes.body
Can you find out about how to do buoyancy calculations for the float design, and anchor calculations?

- Find out per kg of load, how to design the float to carry the weight.

- Buoyancy of different types of floats

- For anchor, how to calculate and design anchor based on different loads.

# data[].attributes.body
buoyancy calculation (Archimedes' principle)

Fb = ρVg

use Syntactic Foam 1m^3 mass = 600

buoyant force

Fb = (1029)(1)(9.81) = 10094.49N

displacement of water = 600/(1029x9.81) = 5.72

weight of object = 600x9.81 = 5886N

10094 > 5886

object will float

# data[].attributes.body
Seabed (Sand) = Plow anchors

600kg vessel, anchor in the range of 6 kg to 24kg.

# data[].attributes.body
We have shortlisted 5 primary plants, prioritizing their adaptation to high salinity environments, drought, heat, and windy conditions, similar to those found in coastal/marine environments.

Aqua & Terrestro Halines

Caulerpa lentillifera / Sea Grape (Latok)

Saccharina latissima / Sea Kelp

Salicornia sp. / Glasswort

Plantago maritima/ Sea plantain

Raphanus maritima/ Sea radish

# data[].attributes.body
Can you do some research into climate resilient crops?

Crops that will be able to withstand increase in air temperatures up to 5 degC in our weather.

+ longer dry spells + more intense rain

Can research all different categories of crops

- cereals (ie rice)

- tubers (ie tapioca)

- fruiting vegetables

- herbs

- fruit trees