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was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher

adopted the name Voltaire in 1718, following his incarceration at the Bastille

Real name was François-Marie Arouet

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English philosopher, scientist, and historian

When he was four years old, Hobbes was sent to school at Westport, then to a private school, and finally, at 15, to Magdalen Hall in the University of Oxford

Hobbes worked for different branches of the wealthy and aristocratic Cavendish family

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English physician who was the first to recognize the full circulation of the blood in the human body

had seven brothers and two sisters

earned his doctorate from Padua on April 25, 1602, and then returned to England to work as a doctor

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English physicist and mathematician

was the original discoverer of the infinitesimal calculus

elected to a fellowship in Trinity College in 1667

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Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician

applied for the chair of mathematics at the University of Bologna but was unsuccessful

demonstrated that the speed of fall of a heavy object is not proportional to its weight

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German astronomer who discovered three major laws of planetary motion

developed a novel explanation for the behavior of light in the newly invented telescope

offered a new theoretical foundation for astrology

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1491-1494 studied Liberal arts, astronomy, and astrology

Named after his father

formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe

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Was the son of Philip I

October 1520 crowned king of Germany in Aachen

Drew up the Edict of Worms and rejected Luther's doctrines and declared war on protestantism

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Daughter of Henry VIII

Came to throne in 1558

She was celebrated for her virginity

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Second ruler from the House of Tudor and ruled England for 38 years

Had many wives and executed several of them

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Went to College de Marche in preparation for university study.

1528, moved to Orleans to study civil law

Published his first book in 1532

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Father sent him to study law but became a monk instead

Was ordered to become a professor at Wittenberg University

Wrote the 95 theses against indulgencess