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here is a map of continets and oceans

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equater,

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latitude

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explains the symbols on the map

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sumer-a city in mesopotamia
mesopatamia-land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
babylon- a city on the Euphrates River that was home to Hammurabi
irrigation-method of bringing water to a field from another place to water crops
nomad-person who regularly moves from place to place in search of food

sumer religon pothyism

Three classes of people: Upper, Middle, & Lower

Upper – king, priests, government officials, & scribes

Middle – artisans, merchants, farmers, & fishers

Lower - slaves

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Sumer’s greatest invention was a writing called cuneiform

A few people learned to write. They were called scribes. Scribers were record keepers.

Invented the sailboat, wheel, bronze, levees & number system based on 60.

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cunifom.
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kings

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Polytheistic-Belief in more than one god
Mummy – a body tightly wrapped in linen strips

Pyramid – a tomb built for Egyptian pharaohs

Nile River Valley– river that supported the Egyptian civilization

Deity – god or goddess

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Two narrow strips of farmland along the sides of the Nile River Valley
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Successful

near river
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4,000

miles long

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Worshiped many deities (or gods)-polytheism

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Papyrus – a reed plant that grew along the Nile River Valley

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hiergliphicts

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Early on there was 2 kingdoms

(Upper & Lower)

United into one kingdom by 4000 B.C.

(Narmer)

A dynasty was developed. A line of rulers from one family.

Theocracy- political ruler and religious ruler same person

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Sabbath – weekly day of worship and rest for Jews (Saturday)

Synagogue - Jewish house of worship

Messiah – in Judaism, a deliverer sent by God

Rabbi – Jewish leader and teacher of the Torah

Judaism – monotheistic religion of the Jews

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story abraham and moses travlesand struggles

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story abraham and moses travlesand struggles

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Descended from Abraham-founder of Judaism.

Promised the land of Canaan by God if they worshipped the one true God.

Land dried up and people went to live in Egypt.

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Moses was a prophet.
Prophet- claims to be

instructed by God and

share his word.
Told the people what

God thought was right

and wrong

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judism

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laws given to Moses by God; part of the Torah

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Sanskrit – written language developed by the Aryans

Caste – social group a person is born into and cannot change

Hinduism – system of religion that grew out of the religion of the Aryans in ancient India

Brahman – in Hinduism, the universal spirit of which all gods and goddesses are different parts

Reincarnation – rebirth of the soul or spirit in different bodies over time

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India is a subcontinent because it is separated from Asia.

Himalayas cause the separation

Himalayas-Highest mountains in the world.

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Founded by Siddhartha Gautama.

He was a prince who left his family and wealth to travel.

Saw suffering and questioned why there was suffering.

Popular because it rejects the caste system.

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World’s third largest religion and one of the oldest.

All life is sacred.

Developed from the Aryan religion.

The Brahman is the universal spirit made up of thousands of gods and goddesses.

Dharma is divine law that states the Hindus must perform the duties of their caste.

Many literature works stress dharma.

Consequences of how a person lives is called karma.

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Written language-Sanskrit.

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Mandate – formal order

Social class – group of people who share a similar position in society

Confucianism – system of beliefs introduced by the Chinese thinker Confucius; taught that people needed to have a sense of duty to their family and community in order to bring peace to society

Daoism – Chinese philosophy based on the teachings of Laozi; taught that people should turn to nature and give up their worldly concerns

Leagalism-society needs a system of harsh laws and punishments, Strong rulers, founded by Hanfeiz

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Flooding of the river brought destruction and good farming conditions to China.

Mountains & deserts isolate & protect China from others

China has very little farmland because much of the country is either mountains or deserts.

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Early Chinese writing used pictographs, or characters that stand for objects.

Ideographs join two or more pictographs to represent an idea.

Artisans created many works of art from bronze

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Rulers were part of a dynasty

Dynasty- line of rulers who belong to the same family

Rulers were called emperors

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Representative Democracy-USA system of government, where citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and decisions for them

Myth - story describing gods, heroes, or natural events

Epic- long poem that tells about legends or heroes

Fable- short tale that teaches a lesson

Drama- story told by actors who pretend to be characters in the story