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 Central Place Theory (Walter Christaller)

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 Central Place Theory (Walter Christaller)

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is a geographical theory that seeks to explain the number, size and location of human settlements in a residential system. The theory was created by the German geographer Walter Christaller, who asserted that settlements simply functioned as 'central places' providing services to surrounding areas.

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"shows the spatial components of a modern metropolis". Each realm is separate and is used for its own purpose, but all the realms are linked together to form one large city. Each realm is its own smaller city, but form one large metropolis when linked together

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combines elements of Latin American Culture and globalization by combining radial sectors and concentric zones. In the center of the Griffin-Ford Model is the CBD, but unlike our CBDs, Latin American CBDs are connected to a "mall" through a "spine."

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The model describes the layout of a city, based on Chicago. It says that even though a city may have begun with a central business district, or CBD, other smaller CBDs develop on the outskirts of the city near the more valuable housing areas to allow shorter commutes from the outskirts of the city. This creates nodes or nuclei in other parts of the city besides the CBD thus the name multiple nuclei model.

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is a model of urban land use proposed in 1939 by land economist Homer Hoyt. It is a modification of the concentric zone model of city development. The benefits of the application of this model include the fact it allows for an outward progression of growth. As with all simple models of such complex phenomena, its validity is limited.

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"World-system" refers to the inter-regional and transnational division of labor, which divides the world into core countries, semi-periphery countries, and the periphery countries. Core countries focus on higher skill, capital-intensive production, and the rest of the world focuses on low-skill, labor-intensive production and extraction of raw materials. This constantly reinforces the dominance of the core countries. Nonetheless, the system has dynamic characteristics, in part as a result of revolutions in transport technology, and individual states can gain or lose their core (semi-periphery, periphery) status over time

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is the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.

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Models of typical cities in Europe, Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, ect

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Models of typical cities in Europe, Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, ect

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Esther's Boserup's model of agricultural development

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Esther's Boserup's model of agricultural development

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Although Boserup's original theory was highly simplified and generalized, it proved instrumental in understanding agricultural patterns in developing countries.[5] By 1978, her theory of agricultural change began to be reframed as a more generalized theory. The field continued to mature in to relation to population and environmental studies in developing countries. Neo-Boserupian theory continues to generate controversy with regards to population density and sustainable agriculture.

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Rostow’s “modernization” model of development

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Rostow’s “modernization” model of development

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Walt Rostow took an historical approach in suggesting that developed countries have tended to pass through 5 stages to reach their current degree of economic development. These are: Traditional society. This is an agricultural economy of mainly subsistence farming, little of which is traded.

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Weber’s model (of industrial location ‐ least‐cost theory)

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Weber’s model (of industrial location ‐ least‐cost theory)

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Alfred Weber formulated a least cost theory of industrial location which tries to explain and predict the locational pattern of the industry at a macro-scale. It emphasizes that firms seek a site of minimum transport and labor cost

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Halford Mackinder's Heartland theory ( Rimland theory)

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Halford Mackinder's Heartland theory ( Rimland theory)

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Key Parts of the Heartland Theory
The Heartland Theory is a form of geopolitics. Geopolitics are politics influenced by geography. Since human geography is about how humans are impacted by geography, we would say geopolitics have a lot to do with APHG. The Heartland Theory is important to anyone taking the AP Human Geography exam.
This theory was proposed by Sir Halford Mackinder in his 1904 essay, “The Geographical Pivot of History.” There is a lot to this theory and its importance, so let’s outline some key terms:

Heartland=Eastern Europe
Pivot Area=Heartland
World Island=Europe, Asia and Africa
Periphery=Rest of the world (including the Americas)

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is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend. The desired result is a state of society where living conditions and resource use continue to meet human needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable development can be classified as development that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations

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a model of land use that showed how market processes could determine how land in different locations would be used.

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claims that the type of migration that occurs within a country depends on how developed it is or what type of society it is. A connection is drawn from migration to the stages of within the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

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The area outside of the core of a culture region in which the culture is still dominant but less intense. The zone of outer influence for a culture region. The zone of greatest concentration or homogeneity of the culture traits that characterize a region.

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left unchecked, a population will outgrow its resources. He discussed two ways to 'check' a population: preventive checks, like the moral restraint of postponing marriage, or positive checks, like famine, disease and warfare

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is a model used to estimate the amount of interaction between two cities. It is based on Newton's universal law of gravitation, which measured the attraction of two objects based off their mass and distance.

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Ravenstien's "laws" of migration (not a model, but model like)

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Ravenstien's "laws" of migration (not a model, but model like)

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Most migrants move only a short distance. There is a process of absorption, whereby people immediately surrounding a rapidly growing town move into it and the gaps they leave are filled by migrants from more distant areas, and so on until the attractive force [pull factors] is spent.

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is a phase of development witnessed by a sudden and stark increase in population growth rates brought by medical innovation in disease or sickness therapy and treatment, followed by a re-leveling of population growth from subsequent declines in fertility rates

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A theory suggesting that people migrate because of "push" and/or "pull" factors. Some things will intervene with the migration e.g. distance or money.

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is based on historical population trends of two demographic characteristics – birth rate and death rate – to suggest that a country's total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically.

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is a geographical economic theorythat refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases. It states that different land users will compete with one another for land close to the city centre.

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of city populations, is a commonly observed statistical relationship between the population sizes and population ranks of a nation's cities.

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It consists of a simple differential equation that describes the process of how new products get adopted in a population. The model presents a rationale of how current adopters and potential adopters of a new product interact.

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A model that describes how economic, political, and/or cultural power is spatially distributed between dominant core regions, and more marginal or dependent semi-peripheral and peripheral regions. The centers of economic, political, and/or cultural power within a given territorial entity.