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A thermal conductor is an object that is good at spreading conduction. Liquids and solids are better at this than gases. A thermal insulator is any object that traps the movement of heat. Gases are good at this because the particles are farther apart and don't touch each other as often, and therefore don't spread heat.

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A thermal reflector is an object that turns away heat. Tin foil is good at this because it reflects the heat away from an object. On the other hand, a thermal absorber is anything like a cotton ball that sucks in heat and becomes hot.

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When an object with a lot of thermal energy touches another object, it is spreading thermal energy through thermal conduction, or directly touching.

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When an object is hot it releases thermal energy in the form of thermal radiation using air waves.
When you're around a fire you can feel the heat even without touching it because of thermal radiation.

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The sum of the movement in atoms in an object is the temperature.
If a pot of boiling water has little water, they have a high average but not a high temperature. Each particle in the pot might have a high amount of thermal energy, but the sum is still lower than a pool, in which the average is lower but the sum is greater.

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The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another.
When you are holding on to a cup of hot cocoa, the thermal energy transfers from the cup to your hand as heat.

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Thermal energy is the action of atoms moving together to create heat.
In a pot of boiling water, thermal energy is making it hot.