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Now, you tell me what is ACOUSTIC OCEANOGRAPHY? How the technology is being used in the field of oceanography and marine science? You can choose either to explain about equipment or regarding any research that use this technology

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Rain
Fifa
Anis
Leya
Scha
Ciku

Sonobuoys
1. Used of sonobuoys
- to record the sound of enemy submariners.
-to record marine mammals call
-to listen for eartquake activity.

2. How sonobuoys function
-deployed from aircraft or surface ship
-used underwater hydrophone and ratio transmitter to send the recorded signals back to aircraft or ship.
-target location can be determine by developing sonobuoys in pattern.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Era
Wanie
Najah
Noriz
Yana

Acoustic transponder
1) precise tracking of vehicle position and the creation of accurate sub meter resolution Bathymetry map
2) for an integral understanding of complex hydrothermal systems
3) important to the evolving research initiatives of Ridge 2000 (R2K) community
4) good for navigational and specific mapping
5) able to deployed to mid-ocean ridge crest

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1. Nina
2. Lynn
3. Rekha
4. Nadzirah
5. Syafi
6. Dalila
Whale Acoustic
Marine mammals have ability to transmit or receive underwater sound for co.municatiom or hunting purpose. Acoustic monitoring of vocalizing mammals:
1. Seasonal and geographical presence
2. Insight to behavioural character
Whale presence at South California, Hawaii using passive acoustic recording tool.
1. Acoustic recording packages- autonomous stationary seafloor instrument that record underwater sounds at 1kHz for one year.
2. Future= HARP- capable for bottom mounted instrument. Frequency more than 100kHz
3. Acoustic structural finite element model(FEM)- C.t , Mri instrument used to study how this animal transmit and receive sound.

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Start here; browse any of this site and search 'ACOUSTIC'

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Start here; browse any of this site and search 'ACOUSTIC'

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1. https://scripps.ucsd.edu/
2. https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/
3. https://www.noc.ac.uk/
4. http://www.whoi.edu/#

Pick any of the search findings that interest you.

Then, write 5 MAIN POINTS to describe what you understand about ACOUSTIC related to the article you chose. And please also share some picture.

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Chew Tzu Chen
Wan Shiao Dong
Wyreen Kok Shau JIe
Lee Shin Yun
Liew Kah Sing
Jason Ong Horng Ming
Tan Teck Chuan
Kong Zi Qing

Acoustic Droppler Current Profiler (ADCP)
1. measures the speed and direction of ocean currents (by using the principle of Droppler shift).
2. The particles move at the same speed as the water that carries them, the frequency shift is proportional to the speed of the water, or current.
3.   Particles moving away from the instrument produce a lower frequency return and vice versa.
4.  The ADCP has 4 acoustic transducers that emit and receive acoustical pulses from 4 different directions.
5.  ADCP can determine the speed and direction of the current from the surface of the ocean to the bottom by using trigonometric relations to convert the return signal from the 4 transducers to ‘earth’ coordinates .

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Ajim
Ehsan
Paan
Anip
Syamri
Prob
Tam
Izhar

Whale Acoustic
-whale, dolphin have ability to transmit and receive underwater sound (communication & hunting)
-provide information about their seasonal and geographic presence and insight to their behavioral characteristics
-recent studies: about vocalizing baleen and odonotcete (toothed) whale
- equipment use: acoustic recording package (ARPs)

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MIRA
DENI
AMIRA
HUSNINA
ASMAH
IZYAN

Acoustic oceanography is use of underwater sound to study the sea , it's boundaries and it's contents.

1) The underwater sound generated by interparticle collisions and it's function is to measurements of course sediment bedload transport.
2) An overview of the use at backscaterred sound for measuring suspended particles size and cocencentrations profiles innon-cohesive inorganic sediment transport tudies.
3) study of concentration and the distribution of underwater suspended particles
4) generate tge suspension fields and calculate ensemble suspension scattering characteristics
5) determining suspended sediments particles size information and compute the pressure field

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kyra
syak
sarah
qie
munn

Ocean Aqoustic
-study of ocean sound and its behaviour. its allow scienties to quantitatively describe sound in the sea - when the under water object vibrate, it will create sound pressure wave.
Autonomuos Hydrophones
-portable hydrophones, so can be deployed anywhere in world ocean
-used in marime mammals studies and seismic studies
-detect landslideson the south shore of Hawaii from range of more than 5000km
-inexpensive compared to a cabledsystem such as SOSUS
-data cannot be curently provided in real time

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Azrin
Hazwan
Saiful
Isyraf
Caiman

Hydrostatic monitoring

1. Observe dynamic and constantly evolving both geologically and biologically by underwater microphone called hydrophone.
2. Monitor movement of magma through the sea floor during volcanic eruptions/major faults/sea floor geysers.
3. Can record a very low frequency infrasonic signal of earthquakes, volcanic eruption and blue fin whales calls as well as the audible sound of passing ships and  the background rumble of passing storm systems.
4. New instrument, AUH ( Autonomous Underwater Hydrophone) can be develop off a ship at any spot at ocean where we want to listen.
5

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Aizat
Balqis
Finaz
Fit
Ierah
Ain
1)Acoustic oceanogrphy involves the uses of underwater sound to study the sea
2)it can be use for mapping deepwater areas such as in the bermuda triangle
3)sonar systems are used to remotely sense the interior of the ocean;what is in it,its surface,its bottom, and structure beneath the bottom
4)Whale acoustic Lab
- monitor sound from mammals
-study sound in ocean from ship, petroleum exploration, earthquake

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Nasuha
Aminah
Shakillah
Jannah

Ocean acoustics is the study of sound and its behavior in the sea. When underwater objects vibrate, they create sound-pressure waves that alternately compress and decompress the water molecules as the sound wave travels through the sea.

AUH (Autonomous Underwater Hydrophone)

· Can be deployed off a ship at any spot in the ocean where we want to listen

· The instrument is anchored to the seafloor, and a floatation device suspends the hydrophone in the ocean.

· By studying the frequency characteristics of the sound signals recorded by the hydrophones, we can glean a large amount of geological and biological information.

· With the hydrophone, can record the very low-frequency, infrasonic signals of earthquakes, volcanic eruption and blue and fin whale calls.

· Can record the audible sounds of passing ships, the background rumble of passing storm systems.

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1. Asyraaf
2. Fiqa
3. Yana
4. Qila
5. Tikah

Sonobuoys
1) A device used to record the sound of enemy submarines
2) This device can be deployed either from an aircraft or  ship
3) Includes a single underwater hydrophone & radio transmitter to send back recorded signal to the ship
4) Been used to record marine mammal calls & listen for earthquake activity
5) Can't be used for long-term monitoring of ocean sounds because of its short life span

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Razan
Fatin
zati
Ipot
Mimi
What is it?
-Acoustic communication and navigation system provide telemetry, control and positioning for undersea instrumentation and vehicle
-The basic component of sound wave are frequency, wavelength and amplitude.
SOFAR Chanel
The SOFAR ( SOund Fixing And Ranging) transmissionthat  chanel the equipment used to trap the sound in the sea effectively carried very long distance by the deep sound chanel that exist in the ocean.
It is a research and development firm focused on innovative solutions that combine science and advanced technology.
Based on Research before, It scattered energy arrives near the start of the SOFAR sequence, and is superimposed on a triplication of the channel dispersion at the transition from reflected to upper ocean refracted energy. (This SOFAR overture is totally different from the finale which has been prominent for over 50 years.) The critical dependence of the overture on mixed layer processes suggests a scheme for acoustically monitoring the upper oceans at surface-conjugate depths around 3 until 5 km. ( Dzieciuch et, al 2004)

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group members
Jannah, Aminah, Nasuha and Shakila

Mapping Seafloor
1.

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Lavannia
Praveena
Sharven
Amrita
Vishalini

Cabled Hydrophones
1. more expensive, but permanent, technology for acoustic exploration is the installation of a hydrophone array connected to an underwater communications cable.

2. NOAA has successfully used these arrays to detect submarine volcanic eruptions in the northeast Pacific and blue whale movements in the same area

3. The arrays also do not cover the entire world's oceans as they are deployed only in areas of military need

4. The Pioneer Seamount Acoustic Observatory is the first deep-water civilian (non-classified) hydrophone array for long-term monitoring of ambient ocean noises and their effects on the marine environment.

5. The acoustic data are collected at a small Air Force base in coastal California, and are immediately accessible to both scientists and the public via the World Wide Web.

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Alif
Hafiz
Sharin
Adit
Aiman
1 [08/10, 12:48] Hafiz UMT: The Deep Ocean REMUS Echosounder (DOR-E)
[08/10, 12:48] Hafiz UMT: allowing the Acoustical Ocean Ecology lab to get almost an entire day’s cycle of acoustic information from animals living in the deep sea.
[08/10, 12:48] Hafiz UMT: two split-beam echosounders at 38 kilohertz and 120 kilohertz. It is capable of traveling to depths up to 600 meters and has a battery life of approximately 20 hours

2. The bathythermograph, or BT, also known as the Mechanical Bathythermograph, or MBT;[1] is a small torpedo-shaped device that holds a temperature sensor and a transducer to detect changes in water temperature versus depth down to a depth of approximately 285 meters (935 feet). Lowered by a small winch on the ship into the water, the BT records pressure and temperature changes on a coated glass slide as it is dropped nearly freely through the water.[2] While the instrument is being dropped, the wire is paid out until it reaches a predetermined depth, then a brake is applied and the BT is drawn back to the surface.[1] Because the pressure is a function of depth (see Pascal's law), temperature measurements can be correlated with the depth at which they are recorded.
Benthic landers
Benthic landers are observational platforms that sit on the seabed or benthic zone to record physical, chemical or biological activity.[1] The landers are autonomous and have deployment durations from a few days (for biological studies) to several years (for physical oceanography studies).

Benthic landers come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending upon the instrumentation they carry, and are typically capable of working at any ocean depth.

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1.

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Kila
Nasuha
Jannah
Aminah
Hydrography
○measures and describes the physical features of bodies of water and the land areas adjacent to those bodies of water.
○Surveying with multibeam echo sounders is the primary method of obtaining hydrographic data.
○By mapping out water depth, the shape of the seafloor and coastline, the location of possible obstructions and physical features of water bodies, hydrography helps to keep our maritime transportation system moving safely and efficiently.
○Multibeam echo sounder beams sweep the seafloor as the ship passes over the survey area.
○Multibeam echo sounder beams bounce off the seafloor and return to the ship where the depth is recorded.

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Hydrography
○measures and describes the physical features of bodies of water and the land areas adjacent to those bodies of water.
○Surveying with multibeam echo sounders is the primary method of obtaining hydrographic data.
○By mapping out water depth, the shape of the seafloor and coastline, the location of possible obstructions and physical features of water bodies, hydrography helps to keep our maritime transportation system moving safely and efficiently.
○Multibeam echo sounder beams sweep the seafloor as the ship passes over the survey area.
○Multibeam echo sounder beams bounce off the seafloor and return to the ship where the depth is recorded.

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Asmida
Aini
Athirah
Fadhilah

Hydrophone

·         a microphone designed to be used underwater for recording or listening to underwater sound.

·         Most hydrophones are based on a piezoelectric transducer that generates electricity when subjected to a pressure change.

·         Can convert a sound signal into an electrical signal since sound is a pressure wave.

·         Some transducers can also serve as a projector, but not all have this capability, and some may be destroyed if used in such a manner.
·         A hydrophone can "listen" to sound in air but will be less sensitive due to its design as having a good acoustic impedance match to water, which is a denser fluid than air. Likewise, a microphone can be buried in the ground, or immersed in water if it is put in a waterproof container, but will give similarly poor performance due to the similarly bad acoustic impedance match.

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ODV

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Thermocline,Halocline,Temperature,Salinity,Oxygen,Phosphate.

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Mixed Semidiurnal

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1544407358122_Padlet Persian Gulf Strait Of Hormuz

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Salinity

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unique features

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unique features

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Special features

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by Broup 10

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Gulf of Mexico