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Resources

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Horsts

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Instrusion

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Cratons

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Here it shows Congo (in this picture DRC) and the Copperbelt, and how the copper leaves Africa to other continents.

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Here it shows the country you of Nigeria and where you can extract gas and oil.

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Here it shows the different African cratons and where they are located in Africa.

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This shows you which resources are being obtained the most from which countries in 2017.

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Renewable Energy 101 | National Geographic

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Nigeria Shell employees causing oil leaks for profit: Dutch TV

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Dutch documentary reports Shell employees ordered vandalisation of pipelines to profit from clean-up budgets.

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The continent Africa is a gigantic geological puzzle. It is made up of several cratons that means that pieces of continental crust form the stable fundament of continental plates. These cratons were formed about 3 billion years ago, when the continents started to stabilise. Those cratons consist of the oldest rocks on the Earth. Cratons are made of relatively light rocks.

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In areas where magma can flow easily through complex fault systems into the Earth’s crust, and eventually solidifies, ores are formed. The minerals that are mixed in the magma are organised when the solidifying, or crystallisation, starts. Iron, platina, gold, silver, copper, and even diamonds are formed this way. For example when you have a volcano the magma isn’t cooled down yet, so has not yet crystallised. When the volcano isn’t active anymore and the magma in the vents is cooled down the magma can get crystallised.

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The Angola Model is a strategy of the Chinese government to exploit the resources in peripheral countries. China uses this model in many countries in Africa and South America.

The Chinese government pretends to develop countries with these construction projects. The first step is a treaty, made with the Angolan government. According to this treaty, China lends money to the Angolan government. With this Chinese money, Angola must contract Chinese construction firms. In return, the Angolan government must give these Chinese construction firms concessions for Chinese mining companies.

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Nigeria experiences the resource curse. This is a situation in which most of the people in a resource-rich area do not benefit from their resources. One of the causes of the resource curse is the way governments deal with foreign companies. In Nigeria, foreign companies benefit from concessions, which are rights given to companies or countries, so they can extract resources. For example the people that live in a place where a lot of gold is, those people will not get any profit of that.

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All the energy on Earth is provided by the Sun. To survive vegetation needs sunlight, this provides energy and allows oxygen to be formed, making other lifeforms possible as well. Without the light and warmth of the sun, vegetation, animals and humans couldn’t exist. The energy that vegetation and animals need to sustain life is stored in dead vegetation and animals as well. When these organic materials are covered with layers sand and clay, the energy is stored under the Earth’s surface.

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Resource refers to all the materials available in our environment which help us to satisfy our needs. Resources can be cheap or expensive this depends on how rare a resource is, for example gold is more expensive than wood because gold is harder to find than wood. Things become resources when they have a value. A resource gains it's value by how it is used or it’s function. For example water is used for drinking, food is used for eating, pencil is used for writing etc.