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Ventilation and lighting is important because it makes the workplace cooler, reduces chances of accidental fires due to accumulated grease, it helps the worker to see their work clearly, facilitates cleaning improves overall safety, quality and quantity of work.

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The floors should be construct by a durable material to withstand heavy traffic, exposed to high temperature and grease usually spill on the floor. Area of floors should be clean regularly and have drains which helps to remove water or dirt. Mats and duckboards should be used used on slippery floors.

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All types of ceiling should be free from cobwebs, cracks and flaking. It also should be easily cleaned and absorb moisture especially in wet preparation process. Any additional equipments should be installed properly leaving no dirt to accumulate. Unnecessary decoration on the ceiling is highly unsuitable since it will make the cleaning process harder.

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First and foremost, the windows must be fly proof for flies are one of the cause of contamination spreader. The windows sills should be waterproof and the sill should be slopped at 60 degree angle to prevent roosting and debr

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The most suitable roof for precast concrete wall panel usually is precast double tee roof. Pitch and gravel roofs should not be installed over food processing or preparation area since they are difficult to clean. This might cause indirect contamination. For any roof with opening, it should be screened and sealed in order to prevent the entry of contaminants.

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For loading dock, it must be build 1 meter above the ground while the underside must be lined with a smooth, impervious material such as plastic or galvanized metal. This is crucial to avoid pest entry. It can also be sealed with auto head curtain and bug door screen.

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For the wall of a food location, it must be sealed and covered to facilitate cleaning by following the Malaysian Hygiene Regulation, 2009. Wet processing area should be covered with glazed ceramic tiles. Three types of wall can be used depends on the requirement which are poured concrete, precast wall panels and beam and also concrete block wall. Poured concrete is the most appropriate wall regardless of its high cost. Precast wall panels and beams is the other alternatives which offers a cheaper cost. It also requires caulking. Concrete block wall must be a high density material and less porous for lower moisture absorbance. The unsuitable type of wall is corrugated metal or plastic siding since it's both are easily damaged.

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Regarding on building construction consideration, a few aspects can be looked into such as:
1. Wall
2. Loading dock
3. Roof construction
4. Windows
5. Doors
6. Ceiling
7. Floors
8.

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Figure-1 Basic types of flow patterns employed in designing the layout

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The location of food premises should consider to ensure the building cost, feasibility of customer, the hygiene aspect; the air of location's surrounding, a great vicinity, adequate water supply, proper sewage and properly planned lighting and ventilation and lastly the space area for work is thoroughly checked before deciding to claim the location.

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1. Walls
2. Loading dock
3. Roof construction
4. Windows
5. Doors
6. Ceilings
7. Floors
8. Ventilation
9. Lighting

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a) I- flow – separate receiving and shipping area
b) L-flow – when smaller floor is used
c) U-flow – very popular as a combination of receiving and dispatch
d) S or Z flow – when the production line is long and zigzagging on the production floor is required
e) O-flow – flow when it is desired to terminate the flow near where it is originated.

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In order to select a proper food establishment location, the proprietor usually will considers the following points:

1.The cost of the land, building or tent for short or long term.

2.Overhead cost that must be bared by the owner.

3.Potential customers. Are there feasible? Are they enough? Type of customers? Are they suitable for your product?

4.Equipment, fittings, fixtures and furnishings required.

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the floor in work area should be made of durable material . because they have to withstand heavy traffic. the equipment used is heavy duty equipment which weighs a lot . They also are exposed to high temperature. Water and grease is likely to spill on floors and frequent cleaning is necessary

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plenum airspace ceiling

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•Windows should be fly proof.

•Adequate ventilation and light.

•Windows sills should be waterproof.

•The sill on the outside should be sloped at 60° angle to prevent roosting and desbris accumulation.

•The need for windows usually increase maintenance through required repair, cleaning and caulking.

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•Suitable roof for precast concrete wall panel usually is precast double tee roof.

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the loading dock Should be constructed 1 meter above the ground. The underside of the dock opening must be lined with a smooth, impervious material such as plastic or galvanized metal.Pest entry is discourage through truck door seals and air curtain.

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example of Precast wall panels and beams

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the building construction consideration are Walls,loading dock,roof construction,windows ,doors,ceiling, floors, ventilation and lighting

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The flow patterns that are employed in designing the layout are:

1- I- flow – separate receiving and shipping area

2- L-flow – when smaller floor is used

3- U-flow – very popular as a combination of receiving and dispatch

4- S or Z flow – when the production line is long and zigzagging on the production floor is required

5- O-flow – flow when it is desired to terminate the flow near where it is originated.

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loading dock is the underside of the dock opening must be lined with a smooth, impervious materials. F plastic or galvanized metal

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in order to choose a proper location, the proprietor will consider the several things.  like,  the cost of the land, building or tent for short or long term.  other than that, the equipment, fittings, fixtures and furnishing required and potential customers

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floor patern is the layout plan arranges the work area for each operation or process so as to have an overall smooth flow through the production.

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