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PCD4009 - Introduction To Professional Practice - Essay 

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PCD4009 - Introduction To Professional Practice - Essay 

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Dance Medicine has grown over the years and continues to grow as more professional dancers come into the research of medicine. Dance medicine is a part of the performing arts as they treat artists in the industry. For example dancers, actors/actresses and singers. There are many specialists to help dancers with different needs to provide them with varieties of rehabilitation to get dancers back on track quickly as possible.

Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics (2006) Dance Medicine Current Concepts Available From:
https://www.pmr.theclinics.com/article/S1047-9651(06)00041-6/pdf [Date Accessed 16/10/18]

Judith Peterson (2011) Dance Medicine Head To Toe Available From:https://www.bookdepository.com [Date Accessed 5/10/18]

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One dance UK is the sector support organisation, they present one clear voice to support, advocate, enhance and give profile to dance in the uk. One Dance Uk overall aim is to provide information, resources and opportunities for a workforce that is well equipped to secure dances prominence in the cultural landscape of the future.

One Dance UK (2016) About One Dance UK Available from: https://www.onedanceuk.org/about-us/  [Date Accessed 11/10/18]

One Dance UK (2016) The UK Body For Dance Available from: https://www.onedanceuk.org [Date accessed 11/10/18]

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National Institute of Dance Medicine and science help dancers to enhance their overall health well-being and performance. NIDMS achieve this through high quality scientific knowledge and better affordable access to dance specific healthcare and dance support services in private practice and the NHS. They provide best practice, information and resources which leads to a wider dance health community through educational workshops, conferences and publications.

The Design Shed (2018) Available From: http://www.the-design-shed.co.uk [Date Accessed 9/10/18]

NIDMS(2017) National Institute Of Dance Medicine and Science Available from: https://www.nidms.co.uk [Date Accessed 9/10/18]

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The components of Fitness are vital to consider when training as they reduce risks of injury, enhance performance skills and ensure longer dancing careers. The goal to improve a dancers fitness levels is to minimise the dancers maximal abilities and performance requirements so they can come the best dancer possible. All styles of dance will benefit from using the components of fitness.

Human Kinetics (2018)

Muscular Strength, Power, And endurance Training Available From:https://uk.humankinetics.com/blogs/excerpts/muscular-strength-power-and-endurance-training [ Date Accessed 12/10/18]

Smore (2018) Health and Skill Related Available from: https://www.smore.com/5p7c8-health-skill-related   [Date accessed 12/10/18]

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The Skeletal System is the body system composed of bones, cartilages, ligaments and other tissues that perform essential functions for the human body. The Skeletal system provides the structural framework of the human body, and its joints permit varied movements we explore in dance. The Skeletal System accomplishes three major functions: providing support of the body, protecting internal organs and providing attachment for the muscles or organs.

Contemporary Dance . org (2010) Basic Dance Anatomy Available from:

https://www.contemporary-dance.org/dance-anatomy.html
[Date Accessed 13/10/18]

Royalty Vectors (2018) Skeletal system Vector Image Available From:https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/skeletal-system-vector-908760  [Date Accessed 13/10/1]

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The Muscular systems main role is to provide mobility, the system is made up of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles throughout the body. The most important feature of muscles is that they are made up of contractile fibres. The muscles change size to produce movement and to contract and expand, this creates their efficiency. Having knowledge of the dance anatomy is of great help for dancers, both for preventing injuries and for improving technical skills.

Inner Body (1999) Muscular System Available from: https://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html [ Date Accessed 13/10/18]

Learn Biology (2018) Muscular System Available From:https://sites.google.com/site/learnbiologycom/human-biology/muscular-system  [Date Accessed 13/10/18]

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There are three types of muscle fibers: Slow Twitch, Fast Twitch 2 and Fast Twitch 2b. Slow twitch fibers are red and are very resistant to fatigue. Fast twitch 2 fibers are also red but fatigue faster, they are used in powerful bursts. Fast twitch 2b fibers are white and can work without oxygen. A muscle contraction is the active tension-generating sites within muscle fibers, there are three types of muscle contractions, concentric contractions is the shorting of the muscle, eccentric contraction lengthens the muscle and isometric contraction is the holding of a muscle.

Elizabeth Quinn (2018) Fat and Slow Twitch Muscles Fiber Types Available from:https://www.verywellfit.com/fast-and-slow-twitch-muscle-fibers-3120094 [Date Accessed 27/10/18]

Sophia Rodriguez (2018) Musculoskeletal System

Available From: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/382876405795517420/ [Date Accessed 27/10/18]

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The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, blood and blood vessels. The main function of this system is to transport nutritions and oxygen to organs and muscles and to take away any transport waste products from them. During Intense exercise your heart rate increases and your heart pumps more blood. The cardiorespiratory system has an effect whilst exercising which provides the muscles with oxygen and nutrients to provide the muscles with energy.

Barrett Barlowe (2018) What Happens to the Cardiovascular System During Exercise? Available From:

https://www.livestrong.com/article/398179-what-happens-to-the-cardiovascular-system-during-exercise/ [Date Accessed 11/11/28]

Bloginoline (2018) Circulatory System Diagram Unlabeled Cardiovascular System Unlabeled Diagram New 34 Elegant Circulatory Available from:https://bloginonline.com/circulatory-system-diagram-unlabeled/circulatory-system-diagram-unlabeled-cardiovascular-system-unlabeled-diagram-new-34-elegant-circulatory/  [Date accessed 11/11/18]

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We have different types of bones which provides areas of attachment for muscles which become the leavers to make movement, for example the bone femur (thighbone) is classified as a long bone.

Visible Body (2007) The Long and the Short of It: The Five Types of Bones Available from:
https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/skeleton/types-of-bones [Date Accessed 18/10/18]

Toppr (2018) Skeletal System Available from: https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/locomotion-and-movement/skeletal-system/ [Date Accessed 18/10/18]

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Most injuries are the result of overuse rather than trauma. The most common injuires to occur for a dancer is mainly to foot, ankle, lower back, low back and hip. These areas are all vulnerable to a wide range of injuries including stress fractures, tendon injuries, sprains and strains. The most common issues that cause dance injuries include: types of dance classes, duration of training, environmental conditions, equipment used and nutritional deficiencies. To prevent injuries from occurring its important to wear correct fitted clothing, resist the temptation to dance through pain, hydrate, know the limits of your body and to perform a warm up and cool down.

Stop Sport Injuries (2017) Preventing Dance Injuries Available From: https://www.stopsportsinjuries.org/STOP/STOP/Prevent_Injuries/Dance_Injury_Prevention.aspx
[Date Accessed 17/10/18]

Elegant Themes (2016)

Blog Posts About Injury Prevention for Dancers

Available From: http://danceproject.ca/injury-prevention/ [Date accessed 17/10/18

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A sprain is a joint injury and this occurs when a stretch or tear is in the ligament. An acute fracture and stress fracture is a bone injury, acute fracture occurs over time when repetitive force is taken resulting in damage and stress fracture is result of repetitive stress. Tendonitis is the inflammation of a tendon this happens when you overuse or injure a tendon. A strain, soreness or stiffness of a muscle is a injury this is a tear and stretch of the muscle or tendon.

Neuro Tour (2017) 7 Common Dance Injuries (and How to prevent them) Available from: https://www.neurotour.com/blog/7-common-dance-injuries [Date Accessed 20/10/18]

Chicago Foot Care Clinic (2018)

Foot Fractures Available From: http://www.chicagofootcareclinic.com/foot-problems/common-foot-injuries/foot-fractures/  [Date Accessed 20/10/18]

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Females who exercise intensely are at risk for this medical condition. The condition can limit exercise which will effect your overall athlete performance. This diagram shows with reduced energy or disordered eating can lead to osteoporosis (bone loss) which then occurs to irregular periods. To prevent this condition from athletes its vital to have good nutrition which links to your training as the fuel will equal up to the correct amount of energy needed. The Treatment for Female Athlete Triad requires help from medical professionals, your athlete trainer , a nutritionist and a psychological counselor.

Mary L. Gavin, MD Female Athlete Triad (2018) Available from:https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/triad.html [Date accessed 20/11/18]

BMJ Publishing Group (2018) 2014 Female Athlete Triad Available from: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/4/289  [Date Accessed 20/11/18]

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Muscle Fatigue occurs when your muscles can no longer produce force. When exercising the body exhausts it supply of energy leaving fatigue of the muscle. The causes of muscle fatigue are: disruption in nutrition, lack of recovery and finally overworking the muscles. To prevent or treat the fatigue of muscles is to rest, stay hydrated, maintain a healthy diet to have healthy muscle functions and to stretch before and after activities.

PubMed (2013)Muscle Fatigue - considerations in Dance Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23759480 [ Date Accessed 14/10/18]

Zamst (2018) Muscle Fatigue Available from: https://www.zamst.us/injuries.html?id=13 [Date Accessed 14/10/18]

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Overall a dancer should have a diet consisting up to 55% Carbohydrates, 12-15% protein and 20-30% healthy fats. This diagram shows what type of foods a dancer should be intaking. Dancers need to be well fuelled to be able to perform to their optimal performance. Consuming less calories will compromise the dancers energy availability and reduce intake of micronutrients which will alter performance, growth and overall health.

Natalie Monson (2018) The Importance of Nutrition for Dancers Available From: https://www.verywellfit.com/the-importance-of-nutrition-for-dancers-617328 [Date accessed 30/10/18]

National Academy Of Sport Medicine (2015) Microsoft Word- The Healthy Plate.Doc  Available from: https://blog.nasm.org/nutrition/carbohydrates-really-bad/attachment/microsoft-word-the-healthy-plate-doc/
[Date accessed 30/10/18]

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In relation to my nutrition I have changed certain food types for the better to gain more energy. For example I have been intaking wholemeal pasta as it releases energy slowly than ordinary pasta. This allows me to perform for long periods of time without fatigue taking over. To continue on adapting my diet I feel I need to intake less unhealthy fats and exchange them for healthier fats such as dark chocolate, nuts and whole eggs which will most definitely provide fuel for my muscles. With Adapting my diet I am giving my body the nutrition it needs to be able to meet the energy demand of my daily routine. I feel with creating a nutrition plan it will enable you to intake the correct foods and the right amounts, allowing you not to worry about consuming less calories.

Elizabeth Somer RD (2018)

Your 7-Day Meal Plan Available From:https://www.active.com/nutrition/articles/your-7-day-meal-plan-882313  [Date Accessed 3/11/18]

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One of the most basic motives in dance is the expression and communication of emotion. Dance sometimes brings aesthetic judgement, as we are expected to look beautiful on stage weather its our lines or our looks in this industry we must look atheistically pleasing to watch. This creates a image of what dancers are mean't to look like for example toned muscular and if we look a little different compared to this image it could lead to being judged.

Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018) The Aesthetics Of Dance Available from:
https://www.britannica.com/art/dance/The-aesthetics-of-dance [Date Accessed 14/11/18]

Pinterest (2018) Discover ideas about Ballerina Available From:
https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/365354588511381192/  [Date Accessed 14/11/18]

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The Royal Ballet School Provide a Healthy dance programme which is managed by a dedicated team of professionals including: Healthcare Manger, Physiotherapists, Sports Physicians,Nutritionists, Strength & Conditioning coaches, Counsellors, Performance nutritionist, School Nurses, Pilates Instructors and Rehab Ballet Instructor. These professionals work with their artistic team which helps guide the schools system of training. Through their programme they are able to invest in in long term health for their students, enhancing performance through on-site healthcare support and research. The Royal Ballet encourages students to empower and take charge of their own well-being.

The Royal Ballet School (2018) Healthy Dancer Programme Available from:

https://www.royalballetschool.org.uk/train/dancer-training/healthy-dancer-programme/ [Date Accessed 25/11/18]

Dance Taps (2018) Available from: http://dancetabs.com [Date Accessed 25/11/18]

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Hypermobility simply means a larger than average range of movement at a joint. This can be inherited or acquired through training, the syndrome is common among dancers because of the aesthetic and flexibility requirements of dance.

Isobel Knight (2018) Managing Joint Hypermobility – A Guide for Dance Teachers Available from:https://www.onedanceuk.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Managing-Hypermobility-for-the-Dance-Teacher-FINAL.pdf [Date Accessed 30/11/18]

Melissa (2014) Why are we so obsessed with Hyperextension?

Available from: http://admin04526.wixsite.com/danceessential/single-post/2014/02/23/Why-are-we-so-obsessed-with-Hyperextension [Date Accessed 30/11/18]

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The benefits of training plans is to improve fitness levels. The effects of planning is so you do not overtrain. Training plans will imporve your components of fitness such as aerobic fitness, muscular strength and eudurance. With training you are imporving the condition of your heart and lungs and strengthening your bones which reduces the risk of osteoporasis. For the training plan to work effectively its vital to change and increase the intensity to achieve an overall improvement on your fitness, otherwise your body will become use to the exercises and will stay at the same level of fitness. This training plan shows the skills needed in jazz and how it expands onto changellenging moves, this plan will improve the dancers ability and knowledge in jazz. The training plan will enable the dancer to learn varieties of movements in different sessions allowing time to remember exercises.

Pinterest (2018) Collection By Liz Stehle Available From:
https://www.pinterest.co.uk/lizstrehle/dance/  [Date accessed 17/10/18]

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There are two types or teaching methods Authoritarian and student lead. Authoritarian method is quiet harsh strict teaching which does gain respect form the student however being harsh on verbal feedback could effect students well-being. For example Martha Graham teaching is precise/strict however this does prepare and produce amazing dancers. On the other hand student lead method allows the student to have more creativity and responsibility and lets you concept your own understanding of your body and movement although this could lead to less understanding of technique and resolve in not pushing yourself to achieve different goals. Overall it depends on you as a dancer and what teaching method you prefer and what you feel will guide you to your best ability.

Ausdance (2011) Effective Dance Teaching Methods Available From: https://ausdance.org.au/articles/details/effective-dance-teaching-methods[Date Accessed 7/11/18]

Australian Society Advanced Based Teaching (2013)

What Everyone Needs to Know About High-Performance, Teacher Student Relationships

Available From: tp://www.evidencebasedteaching.org.au/crash-course-evidence-based-teaching/teacher-student-relationships/ [Date accessed 7/11/18]