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Cattle will eat 10-12 times a day, and spent up to 14 hours each day chewing their cud.

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3 neonatal behaviors
1. Soft bellows
2. Searching for teat
3. nursing of cow

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3 maternal behaviors after birth
1. Licking of Calf
2. Consuming Placenta
3. Small bellows

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The female is in standing heat and will accept a male.

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The bull is smelling the female and ready to mount her

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The type of Dominance shown does not really follow a pattern. there is usually one boss cow and all the others are subordinate. Although some cows are more dominant than others.

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The Cow is in heat and is being mounted.

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Visual-Ear position can determine the cows temperament
Auditory-Will ball when in heat
Olfactory-Will smell and lick urine to detect heat
Tactile-Lick each other to groom themselves

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Cows enter the carousel to get small amounts of grain and to have their udder milked out. as a reinforcement. the punishment is there is a solid black sheet at the end of the carousel ride that makes the cow back up and prevents them from riding a second time around.

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According to  Christina M. Colvin, Kristin Allen, and Lori Marino
cattle can watch a moving item better than one that is standing still, because they have 330 degree vision.

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http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.4141/A03-081#.XF2nMfZFzIU

Both Operant and classical learning was used in this example. The heifers that were free to move about were using operant learning while the ones tied up are using classical learning.

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http://www.milkproduction.com/Library/Editorial-articles/Critical-periods-during-the-cows-life/

3 weeks prior to calving and 3 weeks after calving, determine the amount of production during the lactation.

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this chart shows that milk production in dairy cattle has a heritability between 0.3 and 0.35 which means that not a lot of the amount of milk yield is due to the parents. although fat percentage heritability is 0.58 meaning a high heritability, and the more fat there is in milk, the higher quality it is which leads to higher profits.

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https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7cad/2fa88ebc7dbcaac82d19c250cd5423a57581.pdf

Groups of cows were separated, and induvial cows were put into a different herd. the study was to determine how much grazing time was lost due to the new cow coming into the herd because of establishing dominance.

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I picked this species because I have grown up around dairy cattle my entire life and I show them all over the place. I am passionate about the dairy industry and look to continue that into the future, right now the future does not look so great for the dairy industry but eventually things will pick back up and we will thrive again. I hope to spend the rest of my life working with dairy cattle. I have grown up around dairy cattle and I want wo work with them up to the day that I die.