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King Edward's uncle who took advantage of Elizabeth, his interests purely sexual. He planned to marry of the boy king and then he himself marry Elizabeth. He was found out and arrested for treason but questions surrounding Elizabeth's loyalty where aroused. Her servants were arrested and she was closely guarded and interrogated.

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Queen Elizabeth's Marriage Proposals and Foreign Policy

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Queen Elizabeth's Marriage Proposals and Foreign Policy

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Queen Elizabeth I looked upon marriage proposals in terms of her foreign policy.

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See here for: achievements of queeen elizabeth i part1

Queen Elizabeth Marriage Proposals

However, Queen Elizabeth never openly stated her intention of not getting married for diplomatic reasons. She never refused any marriage proposal but at the same time, used the proposition to the best of its advantage. In the year 1566, Elizabeth told the Spanish ambassador that if there was any way in which the matter of succession would be settled without her getting married, then she was willing to do so. Elizabeth never openly named her successor as it would put the throne in a vulnerable spot.

Queen Elizabeth I looked upon marriage proposals in terms of her foreign policy. There were many marriage proposals which she at first would consider but later on would refuse to marry. One exception to this trend was the Le Havre from October 1562-1563.

Queen Elizabeth's Foreign Policy

Queen Elizabeth wanted to swap Le Havre for Calais, which was re-captured by France in 1558. Elizabeth thus sent her army to Scotland to stop the French men from using it as their base. In 1584 an alliance between Spain and France led to undermining the capability of Henry III of France to counter Netherlands, a Spanish territory.

This alliance extended the Spanish influence along the Channel coast of France and posing a major threat of Spain invading England. In 1585, Elizabeth signed the Treaty of Nonsuch Netherlands to prevent the Spanish troops from invading England.

With regard to Scotland, Elizabeth did not want any French presence there as she felt that France may attack England and re-affirm the throne to Mary, Queen of Scots. The Treaty of Edinburgh was signed in 1560 by virtue of which there was no threat of France invading England.

In the early 1563 Queen Elizabeth made an unsuccessful attempt of marrying Robert Dudley to Mary, Queen of Scots in order to strengthen the control between England and Scotland. Despite refusing to marry her, Robert was sympathetic towards Mary. However, from 1580's Robert was in favor of Mary's execution. From 1585-1587, he led a campaign favoring the Dutch revolt.

In 1589, Elizabeth had given military aid to Henry IV, the King of France.
His ascending the throne was not taken well by the Catholic League and the Spanish king, Philip II. The English troops sent to help Henry were disorganized and ineffective in carrying out their activities.

Another campaign by Lord Willoughby, ignoring Elizabeth's orders was even worse than the previous one. In 1591, Elizabeth again sent her men to help Henry under the command of Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex. Even this attempt was a failure.

Elizabeth was facing hostility from the Irish people to support Catholic population. This was the case despite Ireland being a part of Elizabethan kingdom. Her strategy to avoid any betrayal from her courtiers was to grant them land and thus prevent Spain from establishing its base in England.

From 1594-1603, the Tyrone's Rebellion or the Nine Years War was a major reason for concern. Hugh O' Neil led the rebels and was supported by Spain. After a nine year long battle, Hugh O'Neil finally surrendered in 1603, sometime after the death of Elizabeth.

Elizabeth had diplomatic relations with Russia that were originally established by King Edward, Elizabeth's deceased brother. At that time, Russia was under the control of Tsar Ivan IV. There also existed trade and diplomatic relations between England and Barbary States. Similarly England had diplomatic relations with Ottaman Empire and even the Asian country of Japan.

The time after the Spanish Armada and the Netherlands issue is known as the 'Second Reign' of Elizabeth. It is called as the second reign as the their were a lot of problems like rise in prices, heavy taxes, lowering of standard of living, etc which turn affected Elizabeth. After 1590, Elizabethan Privy Council took a different approach to bring things under control.

Also, another change that took place was that a new generation constituted the Council. Mostly everyone except Lord Burghley had died around 1590.
Elizabethan era along with economic and political upsets saw the rise of literary movements. These movements were first seen with John Lyly's 'Euphues' and Edmund Spenser's 'The Shepheardes Calendar in 1578.

Queen Elizabethan Era Developements in Laws

Around the 1590's English literature was enriched by eminent personalities like Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare. However, Elizabeth was never a major patron of Arts. Elizabeth after becoming the Queen had set up an English Church. She later on became the Superior Governor of the same.

The Elizabethan era was also famous for the Sumptuary Laws passed by Queen Elizabeth. The Sumputuary laws were passed in 1571 and as per this law, every person who is above six years was to wear a woolen cap on Sundays and holidays. However, the law was enacted only to profit the woollen industries in England and was restricted to the lower classes of the society.

This law also provided for the type of fabric, colors and the materials that were to be used whilst making clothes depending upon the social rank of the people. Thus, based upon the social position of a person the material or fabric to be used for his clothes was determined.

The later years of Elizabeth's reign are known as the 'Golden Years'. Mary's son, James was raised as a Protestant and was considered to be the perfect candidate to take over England's control after Elizabeth's death. It is ambiguous whether Elizabeth during her final days actually nominated James to be the King. It is also said that Elizabeth's government played a significant role in James being the King of England.

Queen Elizabeth Death

Queen Elizabeth died in her sleep in the wee hours of 24th March, 1603. It is interesting that the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty died on the same day as her father and her sister. The death of the Queen came as a shock to her people who mourned her death. As per her instructions, no post mortem was conducted on the Queen's body.

Her body was placed in a lead coffin and was carried by water to Whitehall before taking it to the Westminster Hall. Queen's funeral took place on 28th April, 1603 after King James I had been crowned the throne. The entire England was in grief because of the Queen's death.

With James I coming to power, Scotland and England were united as one nation in 1603. Thus ended the beautiful era of Queen Elizabeth the first who rose to power and became the Queen despite all odds.

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Achievements of Queeen Elizabeth I - Part 2 -

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See here for: achievements of queeen elizabeth i part1 However, Queen Elizabeth never openly stated her intention of not getting married for diplomatic reasons. She never refused any marriage proposal but at the same time, used the proposition to the best of its advantage.

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Mary was the daughter of Henry and his first wife Catherine. She resented Elizabeth for having to care for her after her father remarried.
Edward was the long awaited son of King Henry and his third wife. Because he was also very bright, of the same religion, and closer in age, he and Elizabeth were much closer than her and her sister.

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When she came to power England was in disarray, the religious and cultural split in the country was getting dangerous and the crown was out of money, during her reign she fixed these problems along with dealing with foreign threats, securing her reign and the power of England.

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The internet's most comprehensive information resource for the times, places, events and people of British history.

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Henry's second marriage after he divorced Catherine who could not give him a son. Anne was pregnant with Elizabeth when she became queen and she and Henry were convinced that it was a boy. Henry's love for Anne slowly disappeared upon the birth of his second daughter and he eventually had her beheaded, finding her guilty of a number of crimes including incest and adultery.

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By 1595 Shakespeare had written a number of plays, including Romeo and Juliet, and had published two narrative poems, Venus and Adonis and The Rape Of Lucrece. William was now a member of the acting company The Lord Chamberlain's Men and, aswell as being their chief dramatist, he was a shareholder in the company. This was one of the most popular acting companies in London and often performed plays before Queen Elizabeth I and her court.

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Page Two: Biography of William Shakespeare, greatest playwright of all time, born in Stratford Upon Avon in 1564. Shakespeare was also an actor and poet.

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King Henry VIII and Queen Anne Boleyn: "Famously unwanted, because her tyrannical father was obsessed with having a son to succeed him, Elizabeth's early life was troubled. When she was only two and a half years old her mother was beheaded and Elizabeth spent the rest of her childhood in the shadow of her father's court. No one imagined then that she would grow up to become one of the most successful and famous rulers of all time. "

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She was the last Tudor monarch and was known as the Virgin Queen because she was never married and never had any children. After her death the Tudors were over and the Monarchy passed to the Stuarts. In her life though she was well liked and had many achievements including destroying the Spanish Armada.

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Queen Elizabeth I : Links to websites of interest about Queen Elizabeth I 1533-1603.

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Accomplishments During Queen Elizabeth's Reign

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Accomplishments During Queen Elizabeth's Reign

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Arguably the greatest military victory in English history, and one of Queen Elizabeth's best known accomplishments was the defeat of the Spanish Armada. She is also acclaimed for bringing a period of peace and stability to England.

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Queen Elizabeth I (1533 - 1603) ruled over England and Ireland for a period of 44 years and 127 days, making her the ninth longest reigning British monarch. The reign of Elizabeth I is known as the Elizabethan era and is considered as the golden age in English history. Apart from other things, the period is renowned as one of the most splendid ages in English literature and a great age of English exploration. It was also an era which instilled national pride in the people of England. Among the most well known achievements of Queen Elizabeth are: the defeat of the great Spanish Armada, which is regarded as one of the greatest military victories in English history; and the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, which provided a long lasting middle way between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. Know more about the contributions of one of the greatest monarchs in English history through her 10 major accomplishments.

#1 Elizabeth I became Queen of England and Ireland in 1559

Elizabeth I was the only child of King Henry VIII of England and his second wife Anne Boleyn. At the time of her birth in 1533, she was the heir presumptive to the throne of England. In 1536, Anne Boleyn's marriage to Henry VIII was annulled. Anne was publicly executed and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. Henry had four more wives after Anne. He died in 1547 and was succeeded by his son with his third wife Jane Seymour, named Edward VI. Edward died in 1553 at the age of 15 and was succeeded by Mary I, Henry's daughter with his first wife Catherine of Aragon. During Mary's reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned in the Tower of London on charges of supporting a rebellion to overthrow the Queen. She narrowly escaped execution. However, in 1555, Elizabeth was recalled to court and in 1558, Mary recognised her as her heir. Mary I died on 17th November 1558 and Elizabeth succeeded her. She was crowned as the Queen of England and Ireland on 15th January 1559.

#2 Her policies cleared debt and provided economic prosperity

#3 Her reign provided a period of stability and peace in England

Elizabeth I ruled over England and Ireland for a period of 44 years and 127 days from November 17, 1558 until her death on March 24, 1603. She is the ninth longest reigning British monarch. Among females, her reign is the third longest after Elizabeth II and Queen Victoria. The reign of Elizabeth I, known as the Elizabethan era, was a period in which England enjoyed stability and internal peace. This was in sharp contrast to the previous and following periods which were marred by religious battles between Protestants and Catholics; and the political battles between parliament and the monarchy respectively. During the Elizabethan Era, the nation is considered to have been more prosperous than most of the nations in Europe with only Spain being their major rival.

#4 She brought about the famous Elizabethan Religious Settlement

The reigns of Elizabeth's father Henry VIII and her siblings Edward VI and Mary I had seen England swing from Catholicism to Protestantism and back to Catholicism. This had caused much religious division in the country and even persecutions in the name of religion. Elizabeth addressed the issue immediately after becoming queen through the famous Elizabethan Religious Settlement. The Act of Supremacy of 1558 was passed which re-established Church of England's independence from Rome and gave her the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England. The following year, the Act of Uniformity was passed which found a middle ground by which the Church of England was moderately Protestant but also continued many of the Catholic traditions. The Church of England's doctrinal character today is largely the result of the Elizabethan Settlement, which sought to establish a comprehensive middle way between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.

#5 England famously defeated the great Spanish Armada during her reign

Philip II of Spain, who had been married to Elizabeth's sister Mary I, was the most powerful Roman Catholic king. In 1588, the Spanish Armada, a great fleet of around 130 ships, 8,000 sailors and 18,000 soldiers, set sail from Spain with the purpose of assisting an invasion of England to overthrow the Protestant queen Elizabeth I. On July 29, the English fleet badly damaged the "Invincible Armada" in the decisive Battle of Gravelines. Five Spanish ships were lost and many were badly battered. This led to the retreat of the Armada and defeated its purpose of assisting an invasion of England by an army led by the Governor of the Spanish Netherlands. England's defeat of the Spanish Armada is regarded as one of the greatest military victories in English history. Elizabeth's leadership during the emergency is generally praised and victory over the Spanish Armada is one of her best known achievements.

#6 Elizabeth I oversaw a period of great English exploration

#7 Her support brought about one of the most splendid ages in English literature

Many of the great works of English literature were produced during the reign of Elizabeth I. Her actions and the court atmosphere she nurtured played a key role in the flowering of literature. The writers of the day usually enjoyed the patronage of members of Elizabeth's court. From the advent of her reign, Elizabeth I was a major patron of the stage, and drama flourished under her support. She invited theatre companies to perform at her palaces, thus increasing their reputation. She also prevented the shutting down of the London theatres on the basis of their "immorality." The literary works produced during the Elizabethan era are known as Elizabethan literature. Most famous writers of the age include the playwrights William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson and Christopher Marlowe; the poets Edmund Spenser and Sir Philip Sidney; and the prose writers John Lyly and Thomas Nashe. Elizabethan literature is regarded as one of the most splendid ages of English literature.

#8 Elizabeth I presided over one of the golden ages in English history

#9 She was a prominent writer and a great orator

#10 Elizabeth I is considered one of the greatest monarchs in English history

Anirudh is a novelist, writer, seo expert and educationist. His debut self help book "Happiness Decoded" was released in early 2014. His maiden novella "Teicos" is a thoughtful depiction of the development of society and is awaiting publication. With Learnodo he hopes to break the barriers of the education system and reach out to a limitless audience in a simple and cost effective way.

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10 Major Accomplishments of Queen Elizabeth I of England

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Queen Elizabeth I (1533 - 1603) ruled over England and Ireland for a period of 44 years and 127 days, making her the ninth longest reigning British monarch. The reign of Elizabeth I is known as the Elizabethan era and is considered as the golden age in English history.

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" The virgin queen devoted herself to the study of the ancient classical period; she also delighted in our own theatrical entertainments, and used her influence in the progress of the English drama, and fostered the inimitable genius of Shakespeare."

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patrons theatre shakespeare england shakespeare's queen elizabeth bad manners daily life london

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shakespeare education in elizabethan london

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Exploring Shakespeare's relationship with Queen Elizabeth.

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Background on Queen Elizabeth's Early Life and Reign as Queen

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Background on Queen Elizabeth's Early Life and Reign as Queen

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After a rough early life, Queen Elizabeth came to the throne at the age of 25 and ruled England for almost 45 years. Known as the Golden Age, her reign saw the emergence of England as a world power.

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Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) Tudor Queen

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Website about the life and reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603), Tudor Queen of England: Biography, facts, books, links, armada, tudor history, more.