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The long, thicked beaked ground finches survived because they were able to eat the Tribulus seeds and all of them weren't dried up. The bigger beaked ground finches offspring would have longer beaks and they would be able to survive too.

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All of the smaller beaked ground finches did not survive because all of the Portulaca seeds and plants were drying up and there were none left to eat. Their beaks were too small and thin to eat the tibulus seeds so they died off.

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Since there was a drought, the ground finches couldn´t survive because they couldn't get enough water and the seeds were drying up.

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During the drought, there were a lot more Tribulus seeds, which shells are very hard, than Portulaca seeds. This data can be found on Lab 18 Finch Data, Google Docs on page 5.

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The small, soft, Portulaca plants dried up, eventually getting to 0 seeds per square meter. I found this on Lab 18 Finch Data, Google Docs on page 5.

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From 1977-1978, a drought was going on, on Daphne Major. Only 20mm of rain fell during 1977, which can be found on Lab 18 Finch Data, Google Docs on page 4.

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The Mechanism of Microevolution that caused the beak of the Medium Ground Finch population of Daphne Major to increase in size from 1976 to 1978 is natural selection.