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1. Identify the organs and structures of the female and male reproductive systems

2.     Discuss the differences and similarities between the female and male reproductive systems regarding structure and function

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Infections of the Male and Female Reproductive System: 

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Infections of the Male and Female Reproductive System: 

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3. Describe the common microbial infections that affect the female reproductive system

4.     Describe the common microbial infections that affect the male reproductive system

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Covers female reproductive structures and their functions.

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Female Reproductive System Study Guide | CK-12 Foundation

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The female reproductive system consists of the female sex organs, the two most important of which are the uterus and the ovary. The female reproductive organ has many responsibilities that include the reception of sperm and support for a developing fetus during and post-birth.

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Practice Female Reproductive Organs questions

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Overview of the male reproductive structures and their functions.

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Production & Delivery of Sperm

Spermatogenesis:

Sperm are made inside seminiferous tubules of the testes and become mature in the epididymis

Tubule is lined with spermatogonia (diploid cells that produce sperm)

A diploid cell contains the usual number of chromosomes

Spermatogonia go through mitosis, produce diploid primary spermatocytes

Primary spermatocytes go through first part of meiosis, produce haploid secondary spermatocytes

Haploid cells contain half the usual number of chromosomes.

Secondary spermatocytes finish meiosis, form spermatids

Spermatids move to epididymis, mature into sperm: grow a tail, lose extra cytoplasm in the head

The tail allows the sperm to propel itself forward

Sperm are released during ejaculation.

The sperm are forced through the ducts and through the urethra

Mix with fluids from glands to form semen

Hundreds of millions of sperm are released with each ejaculation

Sexual Development

Development Before Birth

During the early stages after fertilization, females and males are basically the same. The differences lie in the Y chromosome in males. During the 2nd month of fertilization, the Y chromosome causes the secretion of testosterone. Without testosterone, all reproductive organs will develop into female parts.

Puberty and its Changes

Although boys have their reproductive organs when they are born, these organs don't mature until puberty. In America, puberty on average starts at age 12 and ends at age 18. Puberty begins when the hypothalamus in the brain signals the pituitary gland to secrete hormones, namely luteinizing hormone (LH), that target the testes. LH stimulates the testes to secrete testosterone, which in turn promotes protein synthesis and growth. Some of the physical growth that occurs include the growth of pubic hair and the enlargement of the penis and testes.

Adolescent Growth

During an adolescent growth spurt, males go through rapid growth. Controlled by testosterone, growth can reach 10 cm a year. Development of muscles occurs near the end of the growth spurt in height.

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Male Reproductive System Study Guide | CK-12 Foundation

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Spermatogenesis: Sperm are made inside seminiferous tubules of the testes and become mature in the epididymis Tubule is lined with spermatogonia (diploid cells that produce sperm) A diploid cell contains the usual number of chromosomes Spermatogonia go through mitosis, produce diploid primary spermatocytes Primary spermatocytes go through first part of meiosis, produce haploid secondary spermatocytes Haploid cells contain half the usual number of chromosomes.

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Practice Male Reproductive Organs questions

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Case Study 1: A 14-year-old female comes into the clinic complaining of a fever and the recent appearance of a rash on her arms and legs. She is not sexually active but recently began experiencing menstrual flow and began using tampons, which she admits have been causing some irritation. Further examination reveals a relatively low blood pressure and signs of peeling of skin on the palms of her hands. Blood tests reveal signs of a systemic infection, with an unusually high number of gram-positive cocci present.

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Case Study 2: A 26-year-old female comes to the clinic complaining of severe vaginal itching and that she recently noted a thick, whitish discharge. She has recently started using oral contraceptives and did not have the infection prior to being on “the pill.” Further examination confirms the presence of a thick, whitish, “yeasty” smelling discharge from the vagina.

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Women have ovaries, Fallopian tubes, a uterus, the cervix, and a vagina. Men have prostate, testes, a penis. The male reproductive organ is outside of the body. Because sperm need to be a certain temperature. The female reproductive system is inside the body. 

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Women have ovaries, Fallopian tubes, a uterus, the cervix, and a vagina. Men have prostate, testes, a penis. The male reproductive organ is outside of the body. Because sperm need to be a certain temperature. The female reproductive system is inside the body. 

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Women reproductive system consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and eternal genitalia. Males reproductive system consists of the testes, system of ducts,  and accessory glands.
Women have a shorter urethra than men

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Female reproductive system: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina. Male reproductive system: testes, accessory glands, penis.

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Female reproductive system: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina. Male reproductive system: testes, accessory glands, penis.

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Female: mostly inside the body. Male: mostly outside of the body

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Female structures include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and external genitalia. The male structures include the testes, accessory glands and the penis. Differences are females have ovaries which in which eggs form, the fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus which allows the egg to pass through. Also females have a vagina and males have a penis. Males have a system of ducts/accessory glands such as the prostate, seminal vesicles and Cowper'S Gland. Because of these differences males and females get different type of infections.

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The organs included with the woman are ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina and its external genitalia. The organs that describe a man are the scrotum, testicles and penis

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In a women it includes the ovaries, the fallopian tube, the uterus, the cervix, and the vagina.

The men includes the prostate, the testes, and the penis

2. Significant difference would be that male reproductive system is outside of the body because the creation of sperm need to be controlled at a specific temperature, while the female is inside the body. They are similar because they both have a organ that produce the actual sex cell and there is a tube that it will travel through

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Female reproductive organs include the fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, cervix and vagina.

The male reproductive organs include the penis and testicles.

The female reproductive system consist of mainly internal organs while the male reproductive tract has both internal and external organs.

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 Erica Stewart-The female reproductive organs consist of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, uterus and external genitalia. The male reproductive organs are prostate, testes, penis, seminal vesicles. 

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 Erica Stewart-The female reproductive organs consist of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, uterus and external genitalia. The male reproductive organs are prostate, testes, penis, seminal vesicles. 

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Some female reproductive organ infections include Vaginitis(the inflammation of the vagina, Gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum.

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Female - uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, urethra, external vaginal area

Male - penis, prostate gland, testicles

Females have a menstrual every month is there isn't a fetus in the womb.

Men produce sperm

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Reproductive infections that affect the female are STDs, Endogenous infections  caused by over growing organisms that are usually present in the female genital tract. Infections that affect the male reproductive system include gonorrhea, chlamydia, ssyphillis

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Reproductive infections that affect the female are STDs, Endogenous infections  caused by over growing organisms that are usually present in the female genital tract. Infections that affect the male reproductive system include gonorrhea, chlamydia, ssyphillis

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Female; ovaries, uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, urethra, and external vaginal area.
Males: testes, accessory glands, and the penis

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Female: Bacterial vaginosis, toxic shock syndrome, group B streptococcal, candidiasis, PID, trichomoniasis.

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Female: Bacterial vaginosis, toxic shock syndrome, group B streptococcal, candidiasis, PID, trichomoniasis.

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Male: prostatitis, epididymitis, balanitis, candida albicans, trichomoniasis.
Females are more prone due to the shorter urethra and the close proximity to the anus.
Lori Lin

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A good portion of the the male reproductive system is outside the body  while the female reproductive system is fully contained in the body

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Female- uterus, cervix, Fallopian tubes, urethra, external vaginal area.
Male-Penis, prostate,testicles.

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Female Reproductive tract infections include STI's and endogenous infections such bacterial vaginosis and iatrogenic infections which are caused by surgery

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Female: Bacterial infections, Vaginosis, toxic shock syndrome, group B streptococcal infection, endometriatis, mastitis, PID

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Bacterial vaginosis, UTI's, vaginitis

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Common female reproductive tract infections include vaginitis, yeast infections and PID (pelvic inflammatory disease). Males who are uncircumcised tend to be at higher risk for infections then those who are. Common male rep infections include chlamydia, gonorrhea, orchitis, urethritis and prostatitis.

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Erica-Vaginosis commonly affects the female reproductive system. It is associated with antibiotic use, use of contraceptives, douching, having multiple sexual partners as well any changes in the vaginal flora. Male yeast infections are common as well as balanitis. trichomoniasis. Yeast infections in male can infect the prostate. Having multiple sexual partners, excessive use of antibiotics can result in these infections. Balanitis is common in males who are hygiene. 

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Erica-Vaginosis commonly affects the female reproductive system. It is associated with antibiotic use, use of contraceptives, douching, having multiple sexual partners as well any changes in the vaginal flora. Male yeast infections are common as well as balanitis. trichomoniasis. Yeast infections in male can infect the prostate. Having multiple sexual partners, excessive use of antibiotics can result in these infections. Balanitis is common in males who are hygiene. 

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Organs of female reproductive system: the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, the cervix, and the vagina.
In men, it includes the prostate, the testes, and the penis.

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Females most common infection is vaginosis (Bacterial Vaginosis) which is caused by an opportunistic pathogen.
Males most common infection is prostatitis and Balanitis, which is more common in uncircumcised men.

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Male: Prostatitis, Epididymitis, Balanitis, Fungal infections: yeast infections, trichomoniasis.

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Male reproductive infections include STI's

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E. coli is a common microbial infection which causes UTI's, endometritis. Gardnerella vaginalis causes bacterial vaginitis. Staphylococcus aureus causes toxic shock syndrome. Mycoplasma hominis causes pelvic inflammatory disease.
In the male, microorganisms such as Candida, Gardnerella vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, Borrelia vincentii and B. burgdorferi, HOP and Trichomonas species cause infections such as prostatitis, epididymitis, balanitis.

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Toxic Shock Syndrome cause all of these symptoms

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If she let the tampon sitting too long in the vagina it could of caused toxic shock syndrome

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Certain forms of birth control can cause a change in the body’s natural hormone balance ( progesterone and estrogen) and cause a yeast infection. By leading to yeast over growing

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She developed an yeast infection

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Most common infection for females is vaginosis; which is commonly caused by opportunistic pathogen within the normal flora that multiples to high numbers.

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3. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis
4. Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Streptococcus agalactiae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Pseudomonas aeruginos

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Toxic Shock Syndrome

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Yeast Infection ,

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These symptoms are indicative of toxic shock syndrome. This infection usually manifests when using a tampon causes a lesion  in the vagina allowing bacteria to grow.

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Low blood pressure and peeling of the skin is indicative of Toxic Shock Syndrome

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A possible yeast infection.

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Yeast infections can be caused by some contraceptives because of the change in hormone balance

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Yeast infections can be caused by some contraceptives because of the change in hormone balance

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Lori Lin

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Toxic shock syndrome

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She most likely is experiencing vaginal candidiasis or vaginal yeast infection. The use of oral contraceptives can cause this infection.

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Vaginal Candidiasis (yeast infection)

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her symptoms sounds as if she is expericing toxic shock syndrome