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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Effect of Global Depression on Brazil?

Since Brazil was so reliant on foreign markets at the time, Brazil was extremely vulnerable to the Great Depression. Coffee exporters in Brazil suffered as the world economy collapsed. Brazil saw massive inflation, which resulted in the adoption of a hard money system, which in turn ended with gold and sterling reserves exhausting and complete economic collapse.

How do the steps that Vargas takes compare to those of other totalitarian rulers at the time?

Similar to several other European countries, Vargas took a fascist approach to restructuring the economy, specifically one similar to Mussolini. Vargas advocated for heavy tariffs to decrease competition from foreign goods and worked on restructuring agriculture. Vargas also implemented a social welfare program similar to the New Deal created by Woodrow Wilson, providing an economic stimulus to those effected by the depression.

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Nationalists?
Nationalists largely consisted of landowners, Roman Catholics, businessmen, and the military

Republicans/Loyalists?
Republicans largely consisted of urban and agricultural workers, and the educated middle class.

Some Historians argue that the Spanish Civil War is the actual beginning of WWII, to what extent do you agree or disagree and why?
I agree to a great extent that the Spanish Civil War is the actual beginning of WWII. This is because the war was not contained solely to Spain. Germany and Italy aided the Nationalists in the war, while the Soviet Union and the Mexican government aided the Republicans. This threw out of balance the delicate world order, and presented a new threat to the international equilibrium, which eventually collapsed into global warfare.

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Plans?
Stalin's plans were to seize total control of Russia and turn it into "socialism in one country." In other words, a perfect communist state.
Targeting?
Stalin targeted every aspect of Russian society. He brutally executed his political enemies and sentenced them to gulags. His control of the press caused him to maintain control because every cruel thing he did was never reported. He controlled every job and both industrial and economic output. Stalin put out propaganda and installed secret police targeting the Russian population to motivate them to completely devote themselves to the Soviet Union. The rest of the world was both amazed and horrified by Russia's communist success economically.
Effects?
The effects of Stalin's growing totalitarianism helped Russia's economic growth, military force, and industrial output. He caused millions to starve under the control of agricultural land and output. His totalitarian rule caused Russian society to be completely under his rule and fit within the concept of his perfect communist society.

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization

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What were they?
Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization were a series of 5-year plans instituted by Stalin after the death of Lenin and his New Economic Plan to start rapid industrialization in Russia.
What were the goals?
The goals of Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization was to turn the Soviet Union into an industrial power and catch up with other nations by first collectivizing agriculture and then improving industrial output.
What were the outcomes?
The Five Year Plans & Collectivisation ultimately failed in the sense that millions of people starved to death. However, Russia's heavy industry grew a lot during this period; the cost of living decreased while the number of factory jobs increased and consumer goods decreased.

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Colonies of allied powers felt betrayed that their sacrifices during the war were not acknowledged, and angered that they were not afforded the opportunity for self-determination that some European peoples were given

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Grievances?
Plans?
Nationalism, democracy and people's livelihood. Wanted China to regain equality with other countries.
Targeting?
Japan (who repeatedly tried to invade and take over China)
Effects?
Although this appealed and unified many of the Chinese, it didn't last long due to the party's efforts being less rigorous than anticipated.

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Grievances?
Despite Chinese workers helping the allies in WWI, during the Paris peace conference in 1919, rather than returning German-controlled land in China, Britain and France decided to give those territories to Japan.

Plans?
Mao Zedong planned on energizing the peasants in China to revolt against the Chinese government and the Japanese, rather than the working classes.

Targeting?
The Chinese Communist Party targeted the Chinese government, seeking reforms to shift the Chinese government to the Marxist model of the Soviet Union. Anti-Japanese protests also occurred, along with military conflict with Japan as they continued imperializing China, and conflict with the opposing Chinese nationalist party.

Effects?
The massive support and stamina of the peasants eventually led to the Communists winning control over China.

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What is it?
Japan's new order.
What are the goals?
A Japanese concept where a group of Asian nations would be self sufficient, free of the Western powers, led by the Japanese.

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1. Effect of Global Depression on Japan?
Countries ceased importing Japanese luxury goods, and the value of Japanese exports dropped significantly.
2. New Territories Seized?
Invaded Manchuria in northeastern China
3. Why did they leave the League of Nations?
Left because the LoN was trying to take Manchuria back from Japanese control.

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Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

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Areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were economically dependent on Imperial powers experience severe economic consequences

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The New Deal was a collection of policies and programs that promised relief, recovery, and reform to the United States. The New Deal was supposed to bring relief to suffering citizens, recovery of the economy to bring the US out of the Great Depression, and reform of government policies to ensure another Great Depression would not occur in the future.

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Starting with the US, countries begin passing tariffs intending to protect their domestic economies.
How does this help create a GLOBAL depression?
The passing of tariffs helped create a global depression because it caused an international decline in trade. Without trade between countries, there wasn't investment in anyone's economy.

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1. After a brief surge in the 20's people have over-invested in the stock market  --> Crash
2. Agricultural Overproduction --> low prices on goods --> farmers can't pay off debts
3. European debtors aren't paying

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France and Britain are counting on German reparations and Soviet debt repayments in order to pay their own debts, no money in = no money out

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Grievances?
Despite being a "victor" of WWI, Italy received minimal territory from the Treaty of Versailles.

Plans?
Mussolini planned on being a dictator, that represses any dissenters of his fascist government and spreads propaganda to increase support for his government. He also planned on seizing territories in "inferior" nations to make up for the lack of territories gained after WWI.

Targeting?
Mussolini targeted Libya and Italian Somaliland as a part of his imperialist efforts. Despite being pushed back by Abyssinia, Mussolini sent troops into Abyssinia, ignoring sanction put into place by the League of Nations.

Effects?
One effect of Mussolini's imperialist efforts was the undermined credibility of the League of Nations, due to their lack of response to Italian imperialist efforts in Abyssinia. This also led to the spread of fascist ideologies to other countries such as Brazil and Spain.

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Grievances?
WWI had ended too soon and Weimar Republic sold Germany out through the Treaty of Versailles. Germany was forced to pay billions of dollars of reparations which caused inflation and thus poverty.
Plans?
To establish a new racial order controlled my the German "master race."
Targeting?
Western countries who forced them to pay billions of dollars in reparations. "Lower races"
Effects?
WW2 and the Holocaust

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Germany doesn't have money to pay, so they just print more

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China supported the Allied Powers in the war

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(none of the other Cental Powers exist anymore)

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- France experienced devastation due to being a major front of the war
- Britain wants payback too

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- "Peace without Victory"
- Self-Determination for former Central Powers territories
- 14 Points & League of Nations

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Bolshevik Russia refused to pay their war debts to the Allied Powers  --> Allied Powers refuse to recognize the new Bolshevik government

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Italy switched alliances in 1917 with the promise of new territory if/when the Allied Powers won.