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Treaties between countries (100 years of peace)

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Treaties between countries (100 years of peace)

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Through the innovative design of a refrigerated railway car, J.B Sutherland radically changed the landscape of countries such as the United states and Australia. Previously, due to the inability to transport perishable food over long distances, people viewed red meat as a luxury item and often during certain months of the year had no access. With the refrigerated railway car, meat was made more readily available, thus interconnecting both rural and urban areas, which in turn hastened land clearing and the disposal of native people in both America and Australia.

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From 1863 to the 1930’s, ‘Blackbirding’ was used in Australia to fill labour positions in cotton and sugar plantations. The term describes colonists, mainly from New South Wales and Queensland who acquired over 60,000 people from mainly the South Pacific Islands and transported them on ships. “Coolies” was the racist term used for people of Asian descent who were forced into unfree labour positions. Many of these people were kidnapped and never saw their families or homes again. Once in Australia they were forced to work as indentured labourers, in positions that colonists deemed too laborious and hard work.

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Industrial shipping and transportation enabled a feeling of connectedness and unity in a world believed to be anything but small. Trade routes and agreements between many countries saw a rise in migration, furthering education, technology, and a sense of togetherness. Shipping routes such as the Suez Canal which covered the north Atlantic and northern Indian oceans; the man made canal enabled ships to first pass through in 1867. This new interconnection further enabled trade and led to strengthened alliances and trade agreements between countries.

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The electrical telegraph enabled communication to transpire without the previous issues that the semaphore system had. The instant messages called telegrams ensured communication over long distances happened instantaneously, creating a new sense of interconnectedness not previously felt. With the installation of the submarine telegraph cables, continental communication also flourished, furthering the social and economic effects of this new technology on the world. The installation of telegraph lines interconnected the vast states and territories of Australia creating a new found sense of national pride and a sense of community not previously felt in a new country.

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Industrial Rise of Steam engines and unified railway tracks