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Have a clear and accessible district policy that explains what student actions will result in a ISS or OSS.

No OSS can be longer than 3 days.

For SPED students ensure that the student action in question does is not related to the student's disability.

Always make sure to know the student's living situation before giving an OSS.

Ensure that teachers are always a week ahead and give work to ISS early so students don't fall behind.

Give students opportunities to set expectations for themselves and to reflect in ISS.

Have a set system for progressing from ISS to OSS or to a Disciplinary Alternative Education Program.

Include a program for student success during and after the suspension.

In-school suspension: A learning tool. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://www.educationworld.com/a_admin/admin/admin329.shtml

(Tex. Educ. Code § 37.005)

(34 C.F.R. § 300.95)

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Slide 12- Non-Source Law- In-School Suspension: A Learning Tool 

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Slide 12- Non-Source Law- In-School Suspension: A Learning Tool 

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https://www.educationworld.com/a_admin/admin/admin329.shtml

This online article tell educators what a desirable ISS program looks like. It also provides a few best practices for ISS programs that come from schools with success. Some of these best practices include; holding accountability to the students, still having a threat of OSS if expectations are not met, counseling, peer mentoring, community service, etc.

In-school suspension: A learning tool. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://www.educationworld.com/a_admin/admin/admin329.shtml

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Link to Educators Code of Ethics: https://texreg.sos.state.tx.us/public/readtac$ext.TacPage?sl=R&app=9&p_dir=&p_rloc=&p_tloc=&p_ploc=&pg=1&p_tac=&ti=19&pt=7&ch=247&rl=2

Texas Administrative Code Chapter 19 section 247.2

Item 3.2: The educator shall not intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly treat a student or minor in a manner that adversely affects or endangers the learning, physical health, mental health, or safety of the student or minor.

This item in the Educator Code of Ethics could be related to school suspension policies through the idea that abundant suspensions and excessive time out of the classroom may cause reckless harm to a students learning, health, and safety. If a student is continually suspended not only does this hurt the connection of the student and school, but could also put the student around negative influences and endanger their character, learning, and safety.

(19 T.A.C. § 247.2)

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SAISD Student Code of Conduct (pgs. 9-23)

https://resources.finalsite.net/images/v1597349129/saisdorg/hbqmeug9tnocnrf1nm9i/StudentCodeofConduct2020-2021.pdf

·       This Student Code of Conduct establishes standards that are criteria for possible suspension and expulsion as required by Chapter 37 of the Texas Education Code. This set of standards also walks the guardians/students through the school’s process through various different types of suspensions, removal from classrooms, and expulsions.

SAISD, Student code of Conduct 2020-2021, 2020. https://resources.finalsite.net/images/v1597349129/saisdorg/hbqmeug9tnocnrf1nm9i/StudentCodeofConduct2020-2021.pdf

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Slide 9- Code of Federal Regulations title 34 § 300.95 (Administrative) 

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Slide 9- Code of Federal Regulations title 34 § 300.95 (Administrative) 

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https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/34/300.530

·       A school may suspend a student with a disability on a case by case basis.

o   The suspended student must not be suspended more than 10 consecutive days.

o   During the suspension the school must still provide special services

·       If an act by a student with a disability is not to be considered related to that student’s disability, the suspension may go longer than 10 days.

·       During the suspension the student must still receive educational services, maintain IEP goals, receive proper behavioral assessments and interventions

(34 C.F.R. § 300.95)

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Slide 8- Texas Education Code § 37.005. (Statutory) 

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Slide 8- Texas Education Code § 37.005. (Statutory) 

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https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.37.htm#37.005

·       A principal or administrator may suspend a student that has broken the school code of conduct

·       An out of school suspension cannot be longer than 3 school days

·       Students in 3rd grade or lower may not be subjected to out-of-school-suspensions

o   Unless the student is violent, brought a weapon, under the influence of marijuana or other controlled substance, has alcohol or hard drugs.

·       A student who is homeless may not be placed on out-of-school-suspension, there must be an alternative punishment

·       Any work missed during the suspension must be made alternatively available to the student

(Tex. Educ. Code § 37.005)

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Slide 7-  (Goss v. Lopez, 1978) (Judicial)

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Slide 7-  (Goss v. Lopez, 1978) (Judicial)

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https://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/supreme-court-landmarks

·       Students are entitled to certain due process rights

·       Education was deemed an inherent property of students and under the protection of the 14th amendment.

(Goss v. Lopez, 1978)

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Slide 6- 14th Amendment (Constitutional) 

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Slide 6- 14th Amendment (Constitutional) 

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https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxiv

·       § 1. Any persons born in the United States are entitled to life, liberty, and property and cannot be abridged of these privileges without due process.

·       § 2. Number of representatives elected per state will be based upon the number of the population within the state.

·       § 3. Any person who has sparked rebellion or aided an enemy of the US shall not be allowed to take office of any kind.

·       § 4. No debts shall be given to the US government that originate in an act of insurrection.

·       § 5. Congress has the power to enforce this article.

(U.S. Const. Amend. IVX)

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Slide 5- Current News Article: Discipline Continues to Adapt, Evolve to Pandemic Learning

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Slide 5- Current News Article: Discipline Continues to Adapt, Evolve to Pandemic Learning

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https://www.k12dive.com/news/discipline-continues-to-adapt-evolve-to-pandemic-learning/595514/

Florida's Brevard Public Schools indicates that 11% of disciplinary issues are now related to safety protocol around COVID-19.

This leads to virtual suspensions, kicking students out of in-person schools due to mask policies.

Some teachers are experiencing issues with students showing toy guns and other distracting inappropriate actions on virtual calls .

Many teachers are personally switching from strict suspension measures to lenient restorative practices.

Rosa, S. (2021, February 24). Discipline continues to adapt, evolve to pandemic learning. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://www.k12dive.com/news/discipline-continues-to-adapt-evolve-to-pandemic-learning/595514/

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Slide 4- Current News Article: Students Move Further Down the School-to-Prison Pipeline with every Suspension

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Slide 4- Current News Article: Students Move Further Down the School-to-Prison Pipeline with every Suspension

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https://www.edweek.org/leadership/students-move-further-down-school-to-prison-pipeline-with-every-school-suspension/2019/07

The number of suspensions per individual statistically increases their logged delinquency significantly.

The earlier an individual gets suspended the more likely this trend is to worsen.

Black and Hispanic students are the majority of suspension rates.

Interviewing these students they said each time they get suspended they feel less connected to the school.

Sparks, S. (2020, November 20). Students move further down school-to-prison pipeline with every school suspension. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://www.edweek.org/leadership/students-move-further-down-school-to-prison-pipeline-with-every-school-suspension/2019/07

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In an article written by the National Education Association they explain how out-of-school suspensions are contributing to disparities among racial groups, and how it is being intensified with new COVID-19 regulations. This article goes into detail about some school districts sending students to virtual school for not abiding by recent mask policies, as well as kicking students off of virtual classes for being out of dress code on a visual online platform. This increased no lenience suspension policy is costing many students valuable hours of learning.

https://www.nea.org/advocating-for-change/new-from-nea/school-suspensions-lead-stark-losses-instructional-time

Álvarez, B. (n.d.). School suspensions lead to stark losses in instructional time. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://www.nea.org/advocating-for-change/new-from-nea/school-suspensions-lead-stark-losses-instructional-time

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This legal guide will appropriately explain the current regulations over "in-school" and "out-of-school suspensions" that are apart of public schooling.  As of now students are entitled to life, liberty, and property. In 1978 the court case Goss v. Lopez (Goss v. Lopez, 1978) declared that students have inherent property in their education. Years later more regulations were put in place to further protect the due process right of students. These regulations specify the protocol for suspensions and how they effect all students, as well as specific details for qualifying students (Tex. Educ. Code § 37.005), (34 C.F.R. § 300.95). A growing issue that educators should be aware of involving suspensions is that research is showing suspensions to be linked to worsening academic achievement and increased acts of delinquency. In California research is pushing towards in-school suspensions to be coupled with behavioral counseling to better influence the suspended students (Jones, 2019). This might be a look into the future of what educators can expect if this trend continues or worsens.

Goss v. Lopez, 1978

Jones, C. (2019, October 29). In-school suspensions the answer to school discipline? Not necessarily, experts say. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://edsource.org/2019/in-school-suspensions-the-answer-to-school-discipline-not-necessarily-experts-say/619083

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Hello everyone! My name is Hayden Smith and I am currently a high school science teacher who is working to get their principal certification. This padlet will serve as a legal guide over the basis of school suspensions. I decided to work on this topic as it would better prepare me for my future occupation as a principal. This information would be informative to teachers, administrators, counselors, and other educational occupations that deal with school suspensions of any kind.