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https://orionmagazine.org/2011/11/interviews-with-an-octopus/

https://orionmagazine.org/article/deep-intellect/

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The octopus is also clever and a great problem solver. Here are some interesting things it's been observed doing.

-Unscrewing a jar from the inside (see the video below)
-Using shells or broken open coconuts as protection and carry them around across the sea floor (The Coconut octopus)
-Using the tentacle of a Portuguese man-o-war, a highly venomous jellyfish, like a sword to protect itself. (Blanket octopus)
-Taking apart lego buildings
-Unscrewing child-proof caps
-Opening series of locks to reach a crab

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The brain of an octopus is both similar to ours but different in so many ways. It has about 500 million neurons, which isn't a lot in comparison to the human brain (which has about 100 billion) but still not something to laugh at either. Interestingly enough, most of its neurons aren't actually in it's brain. Instead, they are located throughout the entire body, especially the arms. In fact, if you cut off the arm of an octopus, it'd still behave like it was on the body for a little while.

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One of the way we measure intelligence in other animals is whether or not they play. So, does the octopus pass this test?
As it turns out, there's a good chance they do. As an experiment, octopuses were given pill bottles to see what they found most interesting. The majority of the octopuses discarded the pill bottles after a short period of discovery.
One of the octopuses, however, broke this trend and did something that stunned the scientists watching. Using the jets of water in the aquarium, the octopus pushed the bottle back and forth across the surface of the water almost 20 times, like it was bouncing a ball.

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Most invertebrates aren't very smart by human standards. In fact, some mollusks (the phylum octopuses belong to) don't even have a brain! So, why are cephalopods different?
Most intelligent animals, like chimps and crows, are highly social animals and that's one of the main reasons they gained intelligence.
However, no cephalopods are social creatures, only ever interacting to fight and mate.
A popular hypothesis is that when the octopus (and other cephalopods) lost their shells, they had to learn to adapt. They gained an increase in mobility, but lost the safety the shell provided. So they started developing more active hunting strategies and ways to avoid predators. As a result, cephalopods became the most intelligent invertebrates around.

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One of the most incredible abilities of the octopus is it's knack for camouflage, which puts even animals like the chameleon to shame. But how do they do it?
On the skin of the octopus is three layers of a type of cell called a chromatophore. The base layer simply reflects light. The second layer creates stunning blues, golds, and greens. Finally, the outermost layer creates yellows, reds, brown and black. They can also alter their skin texture to match their surroundings.
The mimic octopus, in particular, is very good at this. Not only is it a master of camouflage, but it is also capable of imitating other animals, like a venomous sea snake or a poisonous flatfish.

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What goes on in the mind of the octopus?

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What goes on in the mind of the octopus?

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In this padlet, you'll learn about the basics of the octopus and what we know about their minds and intelligence.

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One of the more debated topics when it comes to the mind of the octopus, is if they have a consciousness like humans do. The problem is, there's no objective way of measuring things like intelligence, much less something as complex as having consciousness. Despite this, these are some things experts point to when arguing for the octopus:

-They have been observed learning by watching other octopuses. This suggests an ability for the octopus to see itself in the perspective of others and use that to learn, and a sense of self-awareness.

-The octopus has demonstrated a sense of foresight. An example of this is an octopus who, while preparing to rest in its den, went out and collected three rocks to set in front of it's home. That means it understood that to feel safe, it needed those three rocks. It thought ahead and acted accordingly.

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Octopuses are a type of cephalopod, which is a pretty cool class of mollusk. They're known for their high intelligence and strange appearance.
Octopuses have 8 arms (not tentacles) lined with suckers, a large head, and eyes remarkably similar to ours despite millions of years of divergent eve. They also have a beak like a parrot's, three hearts, and blue blood.