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A person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or public works.

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The elastic rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes. As rocks on opposite sides of a fault are subjected to force and shift, they accumulate energy and slowly deform until their internal strength is exceeded

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Unit that is used to measure the strength of an earthquake

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The scale of temperature in which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100° under standard conditions

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A numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph oscillations. The more destructive earthquakes typically have magnitudes between about 5.5 and 8.9; the scale is logarithmic and a difference of one represents an approximate thirtyfold difference in magnitude

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A smaller earthquake following the main shock of a large earthquake

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A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust

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A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.

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Hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this

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Formed by the deposition of sediment, as certain rocks.

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Produced under conditions involving intense heat, as rocks of volcanic origin or rocks crystallized from molten magma

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Pertaining to or characterized by change of form, or metamorphosis.

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The science or study of earthquakes and their phenomena.

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Relative dating is the science of determining the relative order of past events (i.e., the age of an object in comparison to another), without necessarily determining their absolute age, (i.e. estimated age)

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A process in which new ocean floor is created as molten material from the earth's mantle rises in margins between plates or ridges and spreads out

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Landmass that existed when all continents were joined, from about 300 to 200 million years ago

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The lateral movement of continents resulting from the motion of crustal plates

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Any of a class of substances occurring in nature, usually comprising inorganic substances, as quartz or feldspar, of definite chemical composition and usually of definite crystal structure, but sometimes also including rocks formed by these substances as well as certain natural products of organic origin, as asphalt or coal.

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Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass. Wind, ice, and water, as well as sediment flowing via gravity, transport previously eroded sediment, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment

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a basic law of geochronology, stating that in any undisturbed sequence of rocks deposited in layers, the youngest layer is on top and the oldest on bottom, each layer being younger than the one beneath it and older than the one above it. law of superposition in Science Expand

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A series of vibrations induced in the earth's crust by the abrupt rupture and rebound of rocks in which elastic strain has been slowly accumulating.

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A vent in the earth's crust through which lava, steam, ashes, etc., are expelled, either continuously or at irregular intervals

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A change in the shape or dimensions of a body, resulting from stress; strain

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In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of sedimentary rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers. The "stratum" is the fundamental unit in a stratigraphic column and forms the basis of the study of stratigraphy.

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Compression (geology) In geology the term compression refers to a set of stress directed toward the center of a rock mass. ... Because of the large magnitudes of lithostatic stress in tectonic plates, tectonic-scale deformation is always subjected to net compressive stress.

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Large faults within the Earth's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forces, with the largest forming the boundaries between the plates, such as subduction zones or transform faults. Energy release associated with rapid movement on active faults is the cause of most earthquakes.

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The state of being stretched or strained.

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A transform fault or transform boundary (also known as a conservative plate boundary, since these faults neither create nor destroy lithosphere), is a type of fault whose relative motion is predominantly horizontal, in either a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) direction

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late tectonics, a convergent boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary (because of subduction), is an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere move toward one another and collide

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In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.

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Structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle

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The outer core of the Earth is a fluid layer about 2,300 km (1,400 mi) thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. Its outer boundary lies 2,890 km (1,800 mi) beneath Earth's surface.

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The region below the lithosphere, variously estimated as being from fifty to several hundred miles (eighty-five to several hundred kilometers) thick, in which the rock is less rigid than that above and below but rigid enough to transmit transverse seismic waves.

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The crust and upper mantle of the earth

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The central portion of the earth, having a radius of about 2100 miles (3379 km) and believed to be composed mainly of iron and nickel in a molten state.

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The portion of the earth, about 1800 miles (2900 km) thick, between the crust and the core.

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The outer layer of the earth, about 22 miles (35 km) deep under the continents

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The innermost part of a core, specif. a solid sphere in the middle of the fluid core such as the iron-nickel core of the Earth

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The region between the stratosphere and the thermosphere, extending from about 20–50 miles (32–80 km) above the surface of the earth.