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1) DNA replication
2) Metabolism

Neither can really exist without the other, and the Miller-Urey experiments made some of the nitrogeneous bases that one would need in DNA and RNA but not all. There is also the question of where nucleotides came into being since we haven't made those yet.

According to the RNA World Hypothesis, RNA came before DNA since ribosomes are useful in a lot of ways and reactions. RNA would have been easier to replicate in the short run but since DNA is stronger and more stable, it would eventually become a primary method for genetic information exchange.

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She managed to make organic polymers like polypeptides by dripping solutions containing monomers onto hot rocks. This suggests that life could have first formed on biogenic surfaces since the weak catalysts that formed would have help propel life forward. On the surfaces of these hot rocks, aggregates would be produced which would turn into proteinoids (another type of protobiont).

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They were really inspired by the Oparin-Haldane experiment and so worked on their own that piggy-backed off of theirs. They said there could have been ammonia, methane, and hydrogen gasses in the air and dissolved in the sea that would have been hit by UV radiation (lack of much oxygen in the atmosphere) and lightning. They made an experiment that simulated this and found that they had produced amino acids as a byproduct.

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They took the primordial soup and went on to say that it was acidic and that the atmosphere was a reducing enviroment which would help make the organic compounds from the simple molecules in the soup.

Through a series of chemical reactions, aggerates or coacervates would be formed which would be the first kinds of basic life.

He mixed different organic molecules under different conditions until he found something that worked like what happened in our lab. The coacervates had permeable membranes like those of living cells.

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"Organic Soup" Model is when inorganic molecules found in the primordial soup would form basic monomers. The reactions would be catalyzed by some input of energy. These monomers would join to make amino acids and nucleotides (the fundamental building blocks of life as we know it).