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The Spoils System is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government civil service jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, to make them keep working for the party. Andrew Jackson hated the National Bank. He thought it only benefited the wealthy as opposed to the common man. He decided to get rid of it. The Indian Removal Act was an act to get rid of the Native Americans so we could take their land. The Native Americans were forced to walk many miles, so it was nicknamed the Trail of Tears. Below is a picture of Andrew Jackson.

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With James Monroe's presidency came the Monroe Doctorine.  The Monroe Doctorine declared that the US would not let other European countries to start new colonies or interfere with North or South America.  He did this to respond to the threat that Europe may try to take them back. An effect from this was it made Americans happy to see the US stand up for Latin America. James Monroe sent Andrew Jackson to try and settle down some of the problems Florida, which was still owned by Mexico. Instead of doing that, Andrew Jackson basically took over Florida. The Florida Purchase Treaty was signed, giving the US Florida for five million dollars. Henry Clay proposed the American System, which was a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture. Below is a picture of James Monroe.

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The War of 1812 was mainly caused by the British Navy capturing their ships and the British support of Native Americans. It ended in a stalemate. Below is a picture of James Madison.

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Marbury v. Madison was an important Supreme Court case because it was the first case to apply to the principle of judicial review. The Louisiana Purchase was a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. got about 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million. An effect from it is that we got more land and discovered new species of plants and animals. Below is a picture of Thomas Jefferson.

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The French kept attacking US ships, so John Adams sent three of his men to meet with three of the French Representatives, referred to as X, Y, and Z, to negotiate with them. The French were rude to the Americans, and many wanted to go to war.
A series of laws called the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed by Congress in 1798. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote. The election of 1800 was between John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr, and Charles Pinckney. The election originally resulted in a tie, but Alexander Hamilton endorsed Thomas Jefferson. causing him to win the election. Below is a picture of John Adams.

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George Washington was the first president of the United States. This means he was the first to experience different things, such as setting up a cabinet, or only serving two terms. These are called precedents. He was also not a part of the two main political parties, the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans. The Federalists believed in a strong national government and supported the US Constitution. The Democratic Republicans believed that the Constitution was a strict document and did not want to adapt it. They feared a strong national government and unlike the Federalists believed the government should not be able to adopt additional powers to do their job. Below is a picture of George Washington.