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John F. Kennedy proposed a 10-year multibillion-dollar aid program for Latin America. It was designed to improve U.S. Relations with Latin America, after it had been severely damaged in the recent years. Latin America thought they deserved economic assistance after they had helped the U.S. by keeping prices low for raw materials. Billions of dollars were spent on the Alliance, but it ultimately became a failure. It had provided much for Latin America. At the end, 13 governments there had been replaced by military rule.

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The United States' plan was to invade a shore in Cuba called "Bay of Pigs". The first part of the plan was to destroy Castro's tiny Air Force. This was a failure because Castro and his advisors knew about the raid, and moved their planes out of the way ahead of time. Kennedy realized that this invasion was going to fail, but it was too late to halt. The Cuban exile brigade began its invasion at the shore, and it failed because the plan to keep this whole invasion a secret was a distaster. Many of the U.S. ships were sank, many died and 1.1k were taken prisoner.

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This act ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. The Civil Rights Act (of 1964) is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. JFK was to pass the act, but he was assassinated during his visit in Dallas, Texas. President Lyndon B. Johnson was his successor. Later in the years, Congress expanded this act and passed additional legislation. An example of this is the brining of equality or African Americans and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

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During the Vietnam War, almost 2/3's of American troops were volunteered into the war. Most draftees were men from pooor middle-class families. Very few came from upper-class families. There were also draft-dodgers. They would avoid being drafted by fleeing to neutral countries such as Canada and Mexico.

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This act was the centerpiece of the "War Against Poverty". It also provided for job training, adult education, and loans to small businesses. This was to attack the roots of unemployment and poverty. The EOA established over a thousand of Community Action Agencies at the local level to implement Great Society programs. The EOA was notable in administrative terms because Congress bypassed local and state governments to fund community groups directly.

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"We stand today on the edge of a new frontier. The frontier of the 1960's. A frontier of unknown opportunities and perils. A frontier of unfufilled hopes and threats. The new frontier of which I speak is not a set of promises. It is a set of challenges" (John F. Kennedy).

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On August 4, 1964, President Johnson went on national television and told the nation that North Vietnam had attacked U.S. ships. Congress soon passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which provided Johnson with pre-approved authority to conduct military operations against North Vietnam. By 1969, more than 500k troops were fighting in Southeast Asia. Johnson and his Secretary of Defense, McNamara deceived Congress and the American people. In reality, North Vietnam hadn't attacked the USS Maddox, it was all just a ruse.

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Minh was North Vietnam's Head of State. He strongly believed in independence for North Vietnam. “Nothing is as dear to the heart of the Vietnamese as independence and liberation.” This was what he told his people, and it became the motto of the North Vietnamese cause. He also founded the Indo-China Communist Part (ICP) in 1930.

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I- Immigration & Nationality Act of 1965

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I- Immigration & Nationality Act of 1965

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This act changed the way quotas were allocated. It did this by ending the National Origins Formula that had been in place in the U.S. since the Emergency Quota Act of 1921. It also established a new immigration policy based on reuniting immigrant families and attracting skilled labor to the United States. In the three decades following passage of the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, more than 18 million legal immigrants entered the United States, more than three times the number admitted over the preceding 30 years.

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The 35th president of the United States of America elected in 1960. He was also the first Roman Catholic president the nation ever had. Kennedy came from a wealthy background. He confronted mounting Cold War tensions in Cuba, Vietnam, and also led a renewed drive for public service. It eventually provided federal support for the growing civil rights movement.

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Most commonly referred to as John F. Kennedy's brother. Robert fought organized crime and worked for civil rights for African Americans. He also served as a close advisor to the president. In the Senate, he was a committed advocate of the poor and racial minorities, and opposed escalation of the Vietnam War. While Kennedy was at Los Angeles campaigning for the next democratic presidential nomination, he was shot, and he died the next day.

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Johnson became the 36th president of the United States of America after JFK's assassination in 1963. He had previously served in both the House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He created the "Great Society". It was a progressive reform aimed at alleviating poverty. Many of the programs he introduced–including Medicare and Head Start–made a lasting impact in the areas of health, education, urban renewal, conservation and civil rights.

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July 30, 1965, Johnson signs Medicare into law. Medicare is a health insurance program for the elderly. It provided hospital and medical insurance for Americans ages 65 and older. Medicare was signed into the Social Security Act (SSA) of 1935 as an amendment. Medicare is funded entirely by the federal government and paid for in part through payroll taxes. Medicaid, a state and federally funded program that offers health coverage to certain low-income people.

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Khrushchev led the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War. He served as premier from 1958 to 1964. He instigated the Cuban Missile Crisis by placing nuclear weapons 90 miles from Florida. Nikita once was a Stalinist, but after he took over, he began to criticize Stalin for arresting and deporting opponents. He was a firm believer in communism. Khrushchev is the one who approved the construction of the Berlin Wall.

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U.S. military aircraft attacked targets throughout North Vietnam from March 1965 to October 1968. This massive bombardment was intended to put military pressure on North Vietnam’s Communist leaders. It was to also reduce their capacity to wage war against the U.S. This marked the first sustained American assault on North Vietnamese territory. This assault ended up representing a major expansion of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Ultimately, U.S. leaders failed to coordinate the bombing campaign in China and Vietnam.

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President John F. Kennedy issues an executive order establishing the Peace Corps. It proved to be one of the most innovative and highly publicized Cold War programs set up by the United States. It was made to help the developing countries, by promoting peace. He encouraged to go to needy countries and give them aid, financially, educationally, and physically. Overall, however, the program was judged a success in terms of helping to “win the hearts and minds” of people in the underdeveloped world.

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The quagmire theory explains the cause of the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. Quagmire means: A difficult position as of one sinking. This is exactly what happened to the United States of America when they got involved in a completely unnecessary war in Vietnam. Once the U.S became involved in the conflict between North and South Vietnam it could no longer remove itself from a deadly war. The solider represents our military sinking.

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The 37th President of the United States of America. He won one of the closest elections in U.S. history. As a republican challenger, he defeats Vice President Hubert Humphrey. Earlier, he had ran 2 terms for vice-president under former president Dwight D. Eisenhower. Nixon took office at a time of change in the U.S. The American people were bitterly divided over the Vietnam War (1954-75). Many women marched for equal rights and racial violence rocked the nation’s cities.

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Soviet President Leonid Brezhnev and U.S. President Richard Nixon, meeting in Moscow, sign the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) agreements. At the time, these agreements were the most far-reaching attempts to control nuclear weapons ever. Discussions on SALT had been occurring for about two-and-a-half years, but with little progress. During the May 1972 meeting between Nixon and Brezhnev, however, a monumental breakthrough was achieved. In August 1972, the U.S. Senate approved the agreements by an overwhelming vote. SALT-I, as it came to be known, was the foundation for all arms limitations talks that followed.

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On January 31, 1968, some 70,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces launched the Tet Offensive. "Tet" is from the Lunar New Year Holiday. A coordinated series of fierce attacks took place on more than 100 cities and towns in South Vietnam. General Vo Nguyen Giap, leader of the Communist People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN), planned the offensive in an attempt both to foment rebellion among the South Vietnamese population and encourage the United States to scale back its support of the Saigon regime. U.S. and ARVN forces managed to successfully counter most of the attacks and inflict heavy Vietcong losses. Ultimately, despite its heavy casualty toll, and its failure to inspire widespread rebellion among the South Vietnamese, the Tet Offensive proved to be a strategic success for the DRV.

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The Lockheed U-2, nicknamed "Dragon Lady", is an American single-jet engine aircraft operated by the United States Air Force. It was previously flown by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). An international diplomatic crisis erupted in May 1960 when the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) shot down an American U-2 spy plane in Soviet air space and captured its pilot, Francis Gary Powers. Powers was captured, had to serve 2 years behind bars, then was released. This spy plane caused many problems. The U-2 incident had convinced Khrushchev that he could no longer cooperate with Eisenhower, and the Soviet leader walked out of the Paris meeting just hours after it began.

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Originally the People's Liberation Armed Forces (PLAF), but now more popularly known as the Viet Cong (VC). They were the military arm of the National Liberation Front (NLF). Established at the end of 1960, the VC was created by the North Vietnamese communists to escalate the armed struggle in South Vietnam. The Viet Cong were guerrilla fighters in South Vietnam who opposed the South Vietnamese government and the United States during the Vietnam War. Supported by the communist government of North Vietnam, the Viet Cong normally avoided the cities. They preferred to infiltrate the peasants in the scattered villages of the countryside.

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President Lyndon Johnson chose William Westmoreland, a distinguished veteran of World War II and the Korean War. He was chosen to command the U.S. Military Assistance Command in Vietnam (MACV) in June 1964. Over the next four years, the general directed much of U.S. military strategy during the Vietnam War. He spearheaded the buildup of American troops in the region from 16,000 to more than 500,000. His strategy of erosion aimed to inflict heavy losses on North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces using superior U.S. firepower, but resulted in a costly stalemate by late 1967. The enemy’s ambitious Tet Offensive in early 1968 cast serious doubt on Westmoreland’s claims of progress in the war effort, even as he called for some 200,000 more troops. Growing antiwar sentiment on the home front led President Johnson to halt bombing attacks on North Vietnam in March 1968, and in June he replaced Westmoreland in command of the MACV.

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Anti-war marches and other protests, such as the ones organized by Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), attracted a widening base of support over the next three years. Peaking in early 1968 after the successful Tet Offensive by North Vietnamese, troops proved that war’s end was nowhere in sight. Under the draft system, as many as 40,000 young men were called into service each month, adding fuel to the fire of the anti-war movement. After many New Hampshire primary voters rallied behind the anti-war Democrat Eugene McCarthy, Johnson announced that he would not seek reelection. Nixon beat Johnson in the next election. Anti-war protests were still ongoing at this time. In response to a strong anti-war mandate, Nixon announced the effective end to U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia in January 1973.

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Gagarin was a Russian Soviet pilot and cosmonaut. He was the first human to journey into outer space. This concluded when his Vostok spacecraft completed an orbit of the Earth on 12 April 1961. At this point, the Russians had already beat Americans in one race. The race of space. Sadly, Yuri Gagarin was killed in a routine jet-aircraft test flight in 1968.

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The Premier of the People's Republic of China . Enlai was a leading figure in the Chinese Communist Party . He was instrumental in the negotiations that resulted in the U.S. recognition of the PRC in 1979 . Him and President Nixon worked towards creating closer political and economic relations between the PRC and the United States . Because of this , Americans visited and started trading with companies in China . By 1979 ,  the U.S. and China established full diplomatic relations.