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Roe v Wade
The court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict it during the first three months of pregnancy. Based on 4th Amendment rights of a person to be secure in their persons.

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Wisconsin v Yoder
The Court ruled that Wisconsin could not require Amish parents to send their children to public school beyond the eighth grade because it would violate long-held religious beliefs.

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Civil Rights Act of 1968
this law banned discrimination in housing, the segregation of education, transportation, and employment, it helped African Americans gain their full voting rights.

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Desegregation of the Armed Forces
Definition: In July, Truman issued an executive order establishing a policy of racial equality in the Armed Forces "be put into effect as rapidly as possible." He also created a committee to ensure its implementation.

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MLK Assassination
Definition: On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated at a Memphis hotel. James Earl Ray, white man who resented the increasing black influence in society.
Significance:  King's murder set off a new round of riots across the country, while both blacks and whites mourned the tragic death of a charismatic leader.

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Voting Act of 1965
Definition: invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote and authorized federal examiners to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks
Significance: as more blacks became politically active and elected black representatives, it jobs, contracts, and facilities and services for the black community, encouraging greater social equality and decreasing the wealth and education gap

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EEOC - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Definition: a five-member, bipartisan commission whose mission is to eliminate unlawful employment discrimination.
Significance: Another step towards ending segregation and sexism in the workplace and making america a country of equality. Showed that protests can be successful.

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Civil Rights of 1964
Definition: This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places.
Significance: This was a step in the right direction towards the civill rights movement. It  gave hope to those fighting for these rights.

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24th Amendment
Definition: Poll taxes, combined with grandfather clauses and intimidation, effectively prevented African Americans from having any sort of political power, especially in the South.
Significance: The 24th amendment was important to the Civil Rights Movement as it ended mandatory poll taxes that prevented many African Americans.

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March on Washington
Definition:  massive civil rights demonstration in August 1963 in support of Kennedy-backed legislation to secure legal proections for American blacks.
Significance: One of the most visually impressive manifestations of the Civil Rights Movement, it was the occasion of Martin Luther King's famous "I Have a Dream" speech

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Letter From Birmingham Jail
Definition: When MLK is in jail during the Birmingham protests, he writes this letter, which explains the civil rights movement to critics. The letter was published and circulated countrywide.
Significance:  "Letter from a Birmingham Jail," written when he was in jail during the protests, which promotes the doctrine of civil disobedience, a method of protests that urges blacks to ignore all laws that they believe are unjust. The letter then circulated around the world.

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MLK Jailed
Definition: MLK was jailed during Birmingham campaign due to his protest against segregation.
Significance: Shows how strong MLK was going to stand for civil rights for african americans. Led to the letter of Birmingham.

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Birmingham Protests
Definition: The Birmingham campaign, or 1963 Birmingham movement, was a movement organized in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama
Significance: Birmingham was important in 1963 because it was in this Alabama city that a very crucial civil rights campaign was born and met with some success. Project C, or the Birmingham Campaign, began in the spring of that year.

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Greensboro
Definition: The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent demonstrations by African American college students at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. The sit-ins, which were staged in an effort to end racial inequalities in the South, began on February 1, 1960.
Significance:  It led to a wave of other sit-ins across the country by African Americans looking for an effective way to achieve free access to places of public accommodation.

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Little Rock 9
Definition: Attempts to desegregate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in the 1950s became national news when Gov. Orval Faubus deployed the state national guard to prevent nine African American students from entering the school.
SIgnificance: The crisis drew attention to the enforcement of the Brown v. Board of Education decision and fueled the growing civil rights movement.

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Rosa Parks
Definition: Rosa Parks was a civil rights activist who has been called "the mother of the civil rights movement" because of her courage when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man.
Significance:  That act of resistance set off a boycott of the Montgomery, Alabama, bus system, which in turn activated the larger movement against segregation throughout the country.

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Emmett Hill
Definition:  Emmett Till was an African American teenager who was murdered by two white men in Mississippi in 1955 because he allegedly made advances towards a white woman. His death, one of many arbitrary and brutal so-called vigilante killings visited upon African Americans living in the South, outraged the nation—most especially its African American citizens.
Significance: The public's angry reaction, the protests, and the civil rights movement that arose at the same time helped to abolish such lynchings. Further, they helped force the eventual end to the perpetual threat of violence that some white Southerners used to keep black Americans down as second-class citizens.

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Freedom Rides
Definition: organized mixed-race groups who rode interstate buses deep into the South to draw attention to and protest racial segregation

Significance: This effort by northern young people to challenge racism proved a political and public relations success for the Civil Rights Movement

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Jackie Robinson
Definition: Jackie Robinson was the first African American to receive a contract to play Major League Baseball.

Significance:  This first break in organized baseball's segregation practices in 1945 paved the way for other talented black athletes to enter the sport. This again gives hope and inspires those suffering racial discrimination to continue to fight for civil right.

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15th Amendment:
Definition: The 15th amendment quickly passed by Republicans that forbade either the federal government or the states from denying citizens the right to vote on the basis of race, color, or "previous conditions of servitude".

Significance: Set up the foundation for future equal opportunity laws.

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14th Amendment:
Definition: The fourteenth amendment gave citizenship given to ex-slaves, it abolished hree-fifths clause. Leading ex-Confederates were denied office. Ex-Confederates were forced to repudiate their debts and pay pensions to their own (CSA) veterans, plus taxes for the pensions of Union veterans. Congress has the power to enforce this via legislation.

Significance:  Defined national citizenship and forbid the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other persons.

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13th Amendment:
Definition: The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery in the United States, it is divided into two parts. The first section prohibits "slavery" and "involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime.  Section 2 grants Congress power to enforce the amendment, a statement that a number of subsequent amendments have emulated.

Significance: This amendment was a step towards racial equality in the United States, and gave hope to those suffering racial discrimination.