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https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/migration-facts

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https://blog.id.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Migration-pic-720x340.jpg

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By 'migration' I mean the permanent change of one's place of residence, the spatial change of the center of life, so to speak. Migrants have the desire for better living standards, for a better job and a better home, but also for security (e.g. leaving war zones, natural disaster areas, displacement, discrimination, etc.).

Others, however, see fiscal - or political advantages in other countries (e.g. many Germans emigrate to Dubai → self-employment → fiscal advantage).

Furthermore, there is educational - and marriage migration, where it is the acquisition of diploma through education and training, as well as the "emigration" to the respective country of the spouse.

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Factors such as globalization, the digital revolution, wars, etc., contribute to the fact that the migration phenomenon is increasing more over the years.

If we look at migration from the perspective of the country of origin, we speak of emigration. From the perspective of the receiving or destination country, one speaks of immigration.

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In my opinion, one cannot clearly distinguish "voluntary" migrants from "involuntary" migrants. Both types of "migrants" have a specific reason to leave their own country, be it war, the desire for freedom, poverty, tax advantages, scarcity of resources, better job prospects, displacement, etc. The only serious difference is the degree of urgency because as everyone already knows (also thanks to the media), for many migrants it is a matter of life and death.

As a rule, migration is the desire/hope for/for a better living situation in another country.

The desire to be able to start from scratch.

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One of the biggest reasons of the migration in Turkey is, the ongoing wars in Afghanistan and Syria. People there have no choice but to abandon their countries, therefore they choose the closest country they can enter, which is Turkey in this case. On top of that, since the government supports the migrants, they especially choose to stay here which creates some problems in the country. Migration is no joke, as families will to change their whole lives for the outcome. But some people who come here tend to act like how they were in their own country rather than adapting to their new environment, which occurs a lot of problems. That's not all, some native employers manipulate the migrant employees, giving them jobs that are under minimums wage/less paid than the intended job. This causes an increase in unemployment among the native Turkish.

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Migration is still a rising problem in Turkey. Some parts in Turkey have turned into Arabic streets because of migration. Personally, I sometimes feel like a tourist when I come across the streets. There's also a rising criminal actives in Turkey, because some of the migrants are criminals.

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3. Turning Migration to something benifical

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3. Turning Migration to something benifical

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But I think we can give educate the ones that doesn't know about the country and teach them what Turkey's like and the Turkish language or acknowledge them about the dangers in Turkey, such as employer manipulations. With required educations like this, they can be a part of the society without creating a discomfort among the society.

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1. How do countries decide whom to allow in? What factors do they consider?

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2. In what ways does immigration benefit a country?

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3. What challenges face an immigrant in a new country?

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1. What causes migration from other countries to Turkey?

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1. What causes migration from other countries to Turkey?

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2. When does migration become a problem?

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2. When does migration become a problem?

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3. What can we do to help/educate migrants?

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3. What can we do to help/educate migrants?

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"Policymakers worldwide generally justify their choices about which migrants to admit into their countries, and which ones to reject, based on three factors: economics, national security, and socio-cultural values" (World101: Author unknown)

https://world101.cfr.org/global-era-issues/migration/national-migration-policies

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Immigration expands the labor supply in the host country. Immigrants help to grow the economy, especially by buying goods, paying taxes, and filling vacancies = increase of productivity.

If immigrants are able to receive an education and create a solid life in the host country, their individual success can also be beneficial to the home country (it's not untypical that immigrants go back to their home countries after "the threat" that made them leave is gone). They use their acquired skills to make a difference and change in the crisis of their home country while supporting family members financially through their financial and educational income from the country they migrate to.

Immigrants help to drive business creation or fuel innovation. They are a support to strengthen the middle class and by launching new companies they provide a large number of jobs.

Immigrants also help the host country to stay competitive and generate social and environmental growth.

Due to their different view on different topics, immigrants bring individual diverse skill sets and new ideas to the host country which could help to make businesses more successful in a wider range.

And the most important fact of all? - Immigrants make countries colorful! ☺ If everyone stayed only in their home country all their lives, there would be no Italian, Chinese, Indian.... restaurants, no cultural sights, etc. in other countries. It would be dreary.

https://www.fwd.us/news/immigration-facts-the-positive-economic-impact-of-immigration/

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Immigrants and Immigration Mythbusters: Addressing Common Misconceptions

These are the immigration facts: Immigrants and immigration are good for our country, our communities, and our economy. Efforts to cut legal immigration - particularly in the midst of the unprecedented coronavirus pandemic - will keep American families separated, hurt public health, and damage crucial recovery efforts to jumpstart our economy as the country begins to reopen. New arrivals to the U.S. help drive business creation, fuel innovation, fill essential workforce needs, and strengthen the middle class. Family-based immigration promotes family unity and integration, all core principles of American values. And many immigrants will go on to become citizens, taking the solemn oath of allegiance to America and the Constitution.

The success of our nation comes, in large part, from our longstanding tradition of encouraging people seeking a better life to leave everything they know to contribute to the United States. Severely limiting legal immigration puts this at risk. Instead, we should protect and expand current immigration levels and work to pass immigration reform that makes it safer, faster, and more efficient for prospective immigrants to enter the U.S. and begin contributing.

Restricting legal immigration - as President Trump's executive order does - will severely limit our country's ability to respond effectively to the public health and economic crisis brought on by the coronavirus, which has already left more than 100,000 people dead and 1 in 4 American workers claiming unemployment. We cannot afford to shut out the life-saving contributions that immigrants and immigration bring to our country.

EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMIGRATION

Myth: American businesses use work visas to underpay immigrant workers and replace American workers.

These contributions are even more critical as the U.S. struggles to recover in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic. And the kinds of jobs that immigrants have filled during the pandemic have supported the health and safety of communities across the country, and undoubtedly saved millions of American lives: this includes essential frontline workers in healthcare roles, individuals researching treatments or vaccines for coronavirus, or as farmworkers keeping the supply chain safe and putting food on tables across the country, to name just a few.

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The Positive Economic Impact Of Immigration

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Immigrants and immigration are good for our country. Learn more about immigration facts and the positive economic impact of immigrants in the U.S.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pvnt7p10gs

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Effects of Migration in Countries of Destination

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Immigration provides the immigrant with a new start on life and more growth opportunities, which could be overwhelming and too much to handle at once for the immigrant.

More initial challenges are the high cost of immigrating, with a potential loss of liquidation and the assimilation into the living standards, political - and cultural practices of the host country.

Success in their 'new lifes' can't be guaranteed and requests hard work and sacrifice. Many fail to do so.

Immigrants need to become friends with new languages, laws, cultural practices, traditions, eating habits, society patterns, the thought of being away from their families who stayed in their home countries, and not to forget they might have to deal with the thought of being discriminated, not accepted from the society (outsiders) and even being victims of racism.

Furthermore, they have to be prepared to be confronted with prejudice (especially on the job market), which could make it much more difficult to find a job and significantly weaken the prospects for permanent residence in the destination country.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-economics/chapter/introduction-to-immigration-economics/

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Dimensionalizing Immigration: Numbers of Immigrants around the World

Annually, millions of people around the world decide to emigrate to another country, and this rate is expected to increase over time.

Learning Objectives

Describe trends of global immigration

Key Takeaways

Key Points

It is predicted that immigration rates will continue to increase over time. A 2012 Gallup survey determined that nearly 640 million adults would want to immigrate if they had the chance to.

In 2005, the United Nations reported that there were nearly 191 million international immigrants worldwide; about 3% of the world population. In 2006, Europe, the United States, and Asia were found to host the largest number of immigrants at 70 million, 45 million, and 25 million, respectively.

Regional factors contribute to immigrants selecting a specific host country. The prospects for employment, wage rate, standard of living, and immigration laws all contribute the immigrants' decision of where to relocate.

Key Terms

immigration: The act of coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence.

Immigration

Immigration is defined as the movement of people from their home country or region to another country, of which they are not native, to live. There are specific economic factors that contribute to immigration, including the desire to obtain higher wage rates, improve the standard of living, have better job opportunities, and gain an education. Non-economic factors are also significant and include leaving a home country due to persecution, ethnic cleansing, genocide, war, natural disasters, and political control (for example, dictatorship). Throughout history, with improved transportation and technology, immigration has become increasingly common worldwide. Immigration numbers impact both the home country and the host country.

Immigration Statistics

In 2005, the United Nations reported that there were nearly 191 million international immigrants worldwide, which accounted for about 3% of the world population. This represented an increase in the number of immigrants by about 26 million since 1990. It is estimated that 60% of the immigrants moved to developed countries.

In 2006, the International Organization for Migration estimated the number of immigrants to be more than 200 million globally. Europe, the United States, and Asia were found to host the largest number of immigrants at 70 million, 45 million, and 25 million.

Moreover, it is predicted that immigration rates will continue to increase over time. A 2012 survey that was conducted by Gallup determined that nearly 640 million adults would want to immigrate if they had the chance. About one quarter of those surveyed (23%, or 150 million adults) stated that they would choose to immigrate to the United States. Seven percent (45 million adults) stated that they would choose to immigrate to the United Kingdom. Other top countries listed in the survey included Canada, France, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Germany, and Spain.

Regional Factors for Immigration

Regional factors contribute to immigrants' selection of a specific host country. The prospects for employment, wage rate, standard of living, and immigration laws all contribute to relocation decisions. Examples of immigration patterns in certain countries help to illustrate how specific factors influence immigration numbers worldwide.

Europe: Immigrants helped to rebuild and repopulate Europe after World War II. In 2005 Europe experienced an overall net gain of 1.8 million people from immigration. This accounted for almost 85% of Europe's total population growth that year. In 2010, according to Eurostat, there were 47.3 million immigrants living throughout Europe, which accounted for 9.4% of the total population; Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands experienced the highest immigration rates.

Japan: Japan had strict immigration policies, but in the early 1990's, issues such as low birth rates and an aging work force caused the country to reevaluate its laws. It is estimated that the number of foreign residents living in Japan in 2008 was more than 2.2 million. The largest groups of immigrants were from Korea, China, and Brazil.

Mexico: Mexico does experience large numbers of immigrants crossing over the Guatemalan border, but many of these individuals enter illegally and get deported. There were an estimated 200,000 undocumented immigrants in Mexico in 2005 alone. Mexico is also the leading country for migrants moving to the United States. The tighter immigration laws have made immigrating to the U.S. from Mexico very challenging. Many Mexican immigrants enter and live in the U.S. illegally.

United States: Factors that influence immigration to the U.S. include family reunification, employment opportunities, and humanitarian needs. When President Bill Clinton was in office, the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform sought to limit legal immigration to about 550,000 people a year. Immigration has remained a heavily debated issue since then. U.S. borders have tightened in recent years to help control illegal immigration. It was documented in 2010 that 1 million immigrants obtained legal permanent resident status for that year.

Impact of Immigration on the Immigrant

Immigrants move to another country with the intent to improve their life; however, immigration presents both benefits and challenges for immigrants.

Learning Objectives

Assess the impact that immigration has on immigrants

Key Takeaways

Key Points

Some reasons immigrants choose to leave their home countries include economic issues, political issues, family reunification, or natural disasters. Economic reasons include seeking higher wages, better employment opportunities, a higher standard of living, and educational opportunities.

No matter the reasons behind an immigration decision, immigration provides the immigrant with a new start on life and more growth opportunities than were previously available.

One of the initial challenges faced by immigrants is the cost of immigrating. However, the majority of challenges associated with immigration deal with assimilating into life in the host country.

One of the initial challenges faced by immigrants is the cost of immigrating. It is not uncommon for immigrants to liquidate their assets, potentially at a substantial loss, to be able to afford to move.

The majority of challenges associated with immigration deal with assimilating into life in the host country.

Key Terms

immigrant: A person who comes to a country from another country in order to permanently settle in the new country.

Immigration

Immigration involves the movement of people from their home country to a host country or region, to which they are not native, to live. There are many reasons why immigrants choose to leave their home countries, including economic issues, political issues, family reunification, and natural disasters. In general, no matter what the reasoning is, immigrants move to another country to improve their life. Immigration presents both benefits and challenges for immigrants.

Benefits of Immigration

There are many benefits associated with immigration. Primarily, immigrants choose to leave their home country in order to improve their quality of life. Economic reasons for immigrating include seeking higher wage rates, better employment opportunities, a higher standard of living, and educational opportunities. It is also common for immigrants to leave their home country to escape from poverty, religious persecution, oppression, ethnic cleansing, genocide, wars, or a political structure (e.g. repressive dictatorship). No matter what the reasoning is behind immigration, it provides the immigrant with a new start on life and more growth opportunities than were previously available. Success in a new country is not guaranteed and often requires hard work and sacrifices, but many immigrants are willing to take risks for the possibility of a better future for themselves.

Challenges of Immigration

One of the initial challenges faced by immigrants is the cost of immigrating. Many immigrants are seeking better economic conditions in a new country, so the cost of moving can be substantial for them. It is not uncommon for immigrants to liquidate their assets, potentially at a substantial loss, to be able to afford to move. Also, during immigration many individuals are without work and must find work once they get settled.

The majority of challenges associated with immigration deal with assimilating into life in the host country. Many immigrants take low wage jobs until they can adjust to society, gain housing, and obtain an education. Immigrants must learn a new way of life and become familiar with the language and laws of the host country. While many immigrants leave their home country to escape persecution, it is possible that they could face discrimination or even racism in the host country. The process of immigrating is not easy, but for many individuals staying in their home country does not provide them with a promising future. Most immigrants are willing to take risks and work hard to build a solid future even though the process can be challenging.

Impact of Immigration on the Host and Home Country Economies

Immigration has both positive and negative effects on the host and home countries including population totals, employment, and production.

Learning Objectives

Explain how immigration impacts the host country and the home country of immigrants

Key Takeaways

Key Points

People immigrate for many reasons, some of which include economic or political reasons, family reunification, natural disasters, or the desire to change one's surroundings.

Immigration can represent an expansion of the supply of labor in the host country.

Host countries are faced with a variety of challenges due to immigration including population surges, support services, employment, and national security.

Reasons to immigrate can include the standard of living not being high enough, the value of wages being low, a slow job market, or a lack of educational opportunities.

In the long run, large amounts of immigration will weaken the home country by decreasing the population, the level of production, and economic spending.

Key Terms

immigration: The act of coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence.

assimilate: To absorb a group of people into a community.

Immigration

Immigration involves the movement of people from their home country to a host country, of which they are not native, to settle and live. People immigrate for many reasons; some of which include economic or political reasons, family reunification, natural disasters, or the desire to change one's surroundings.

In 2006, the International Organization for Migration estimated the number of foreign migrants worldwide to be more than 200 million. Europe, North America, and Asia host the largest number of immigrants totaling 70 million, 45 million, and 25 million in 2005, respectively.

Impacts on the Host Country

A host country experiences both advantages and challenges as a result of immigration. At certain times throughout history, larger migrations have taken place which created huge population surges. The higher population numbers placed strain on the infrastructure and services within the host country. When immigrants move to a new country, they are faced with many unknowns, including finding employment and housing, as well as adjusting to new laws, cultural norms, and possibly a new language. It can be a challenge for a host country to assimilate immigrants into society and provide the necessary support.

Immigration does cause an increase in the labor force. This can impact great quantities of them if the immigrants are generally the same type of worker (e.g. low-skilled) and immigrate in large enough numbers so as to significantly expand the supply of labor.

Immigration is still a heavily debated topic in many host countries. Some believe that immigration brings many advantages to a country both for the economy and society as a whole. Others believe that high immigration numbers threaten national identity, increase dependence on welfare, and threaten national security (through illegal immigration or terrorism). Another argument is that high immigration rates cheapens labor. Empirically, research has shown this may be partially true. The Brookings Institute found that from 1980 to 2007, immigration only caused a 2.3% depression in the wages of the host country. The Center for Immigration Studies found a 3.7% depression in wages during 1980 to 2000.

Impacts on the Home Country

The home country also faces specific challenges in regards to immigration. In many cases, immigrants move to another country to provide positive changes for their future. Reasons to immigrate can include the standard of living not being high enough, the value of wages being too low, a slow job market, or a lack of educational opportunities. A home country must analyze immigration statistics to determine and address why citizens are moving to other countries. In the long-run, large amounts of immigration will weaken the home country by decreasing the population, the level of production, and economic spending. If a country is losing citizens due to economic reasons, the situation will not improve until economic changes are made.

At times, citizens of a country may leave because of non-economic reasons such as religious persecution, ethnic cleansing, genocide, war, or to escape the government (for example, a dictatorship). In these cases, it is not uncommon for the citizens to return to the home country at some point once the threat is no longer present. While a citizen is living in another country, if they receive an education and create a solid life, their individual success can also be beneficial to the home country, if they use their acquired skills to make a difference. Many individuals do not forget their home country and continue to support family members financially through the income from the country they migrate to.

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Annually, millions of people around the world decide to emigrate to another country, and this rate is expected to increase over time. Describe trends of global immigration Key Points It is predicted that immigration rates will continue to increase over time.

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The migrant to Turkey from Syria has been going on for over 10 years. Currently there are approximately 4 million refugees in Turkey, which makes Turkey the largest refugee holding country. One of the biggest reasons why Syrians and Afghans migrate to Turkey is obviously war, but it doesn't end there. Another reason why migration happened so quickly was Turkey's open border policy. The purpose of this policy was to help refugees and keeping borders open for those who escape from the war. But nowadays the policy became more strict due to security issues and now borders are only open those who need urgent help. One thing to note is there are still continuous unofficial border passing to Turkey.

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Millions of Syrians and Afghans flow to Turkey

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Among the Turkish citizens, there's an increasing discomfort towards the mass migrant to Turkey and the refugees. As of now, most of the Turkish citizens look badly to the policies that the government provides for migrants. On top of that, since many of the migrants refuse to adapt the country they got in, Turkish citizens think they change the native environment and tend to do more criminal activities but that's not all. Turkish citizens also think one of the biggest reasons in matter of increasing unemployment problem in Turkey is refugees. Refugees get manipulated into work with a lot lower salary then normal, which leaves native people unemployed. Turkish people's anger towards  the migrants increase from time to time due to poor government policies that fail to take control of the refugee issues.

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There are programs that help and educate the migrants who came from Syria that are called Syrians Under Temporary Protection (SUTP) program, the Employment Support Project for Syrians under Temporary Protection and Turkish Citizens (ISDEP) that helps refugees, educates them, provides job trainings and language teaching. Around 20,000 people took these programs. Among the 3.6 million Syrian refugees, 1.2 million of them are children and fortunately, most of them receive help with a project is called Education Infrastructure for Resilience project to support them in schools. More actions should be taken about the migrant problem, as these policies are only for Syrians, and also only a tiny portion of the migrants attend to these programs.