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Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain (1750s)

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Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain (1750s)

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In the 1750s, a shift in the manufacturing of goods occurred, beginning in Britain. This shift involved moving away from handmade goods and towards machine-assisted building. It started in Britain as a result of factors such as proximity to water, large amounts of raw materials, and a new legal protection of property.

- Nick

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The Seven Years War was a global conflict which ran from 1756 until 1763 and pitted a coalition of Great Britain and its allies against a coalition of France and its allies. The war escalated from a regional conflict between Great Britain and France in North America, known today as the French and Indian War.

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About 1764 James Hargreaves conceives the idea for a yarn-spinning machine called the spinning Jenny.  Another influential innovation is James Watts steam engine. In 1764, while repairing a Newcomen steam engine, Watt notices that it wastes a lot of steam. Watt develops a way to improve the Newcomen machine and in 1769 receives a patent for his own steam engine, which will be widely utilized during the Industrial Revolution.
Christina

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1771 – RICHARD ARKWRIGHT OPENS HIS FIRST FACTORY AT CROMFORD

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1771 – RICHARD ARKWRIGHT OPENS HIS FIRST FACTORY AT CROMFORD

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Richard Arkwright was a shrewd businessman, innovator and among the leading entrepreneurs of 18th century Britain. Some small mills and factories were present in Britain as early as John Lombe’s water-powered silk mill at Derby, in 1721. However, Arkwright is widely credited with being the brain behind the modern factory system. In 1771, Arkwright established his first factory using his “spinning frame“ on the river Derwent at Cromford, England. There were strict rules that you had to adhere to. Arkwright attained fabulous success and his model was replicated all around. In 1785, about 30,000 people were employed in factories using Arkwright’s patents.

Landon Zehr

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The Boston Tea party was an event that happened on December 16, 1773. It was a “party” which included war between the Americans and Britain’s. Americans dumped a bunch of tea in the water because they were mad about taxes.

Jason vo

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The spinning jenny was a spinning frame that was very important in the development/revolutionization of machine-making! This device was used to spin cotton, and caused the textile industry to move towards factories instead of homes! This device also promoted productivity and efficiency. -Riya Shenoy

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In Boston, colonists dump loads of tea into the harbor.  This is to protest the Tea Act. This makes the relationship between the colonies and the king very negative.
Lily Sgroe

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The Battle of Lexington and Concord (1775)

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The Battle of Lexington and Concord (1775)

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The Battle of Lexington and Concord were fought on April 19, 1775 in Middlesex county, Massachusetts. It was the first military engagement in the American Revolution. Ralph Waldo Emerson described the first shot in his “Concord Hymn” as the “shot heard round the world”.

Alice

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The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. This occurred because the British wanted greater control over the colonies. Maryanna scalo

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Thomas Paine anonymously published a pamphlet informing others of Enlightenment ideals. This influenced  colonists to fight for their rights. It was distributed widely and six months later the Declaration of Independence was signed.
Lily Sgroe

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The British called upon a strategy to separate the Colonies. There will be a northern attack from Montreal, Canada by Burgoyne, an western attack from Lake Ontario by Stleger and a southern attack moving up the Hudson River by Howe. General Howe did not move up the river but instead attacked Philadelphia. All 3 forces were repelled and British forces escaped. Burgoyne’s forces surrendered at Saratoga to Horatio gates forces. The operation came out as an American Victory. This showed France that the Colonies can hold and fight off the British Army and sealed their alliance between France and the Colonies. - Ved Patel

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France sends the colonists weapons, ships, soldiers, and some money so they can fight England. This really helped fuel the French Revolution by sharing revolutionary ideas. This made France stronger than England.
Lily Sgroe

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In 1779 Samuel Crompton invents the spinning mule a cross between machines invented by Arkwright and Hargreaves. The spinning mule permits large-scale manufacture of high-quality thread and yarn. It was used to spin cotton and other fibers. It permitted large-scale manufacture of high-quality thread for the textile industry.
-Christina

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Emdund Cartwright invents the power loom

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by:arianna wallen

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Samuel Slater was born in Belper, Derbyshire, England. Born in a poor farming family Samuel Slater, as a young boy of 10, worked at the cotton mill of Jedediah Strutt using the water frame-pioneered by Richard Arkwright. A few years later, after his father’s death, Samuel became an apprentice of Strutt who trained him well. Slater was aware of the bounties offered by American manufacturers for information on British inventions and models. In 1789, Samuel Slater migrated to America; it is said he informed no one and disguised himself. In the new world he would replicate British designs, find success and be revered as the “Father of the American Industrial Revolution” but in his country he would be called “Slater the Traitor“. The United States would go on to lead the Second Industrial Revolution.

Landon Zehr

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The Inauguration of George Washington, the first president of the United States, was observed on 30 April 1789 on the balcony of Federal Hall in New York City, New York preceded by the inauguration of John Adams as the first vice president of our country nine days before on 21 April 1789.

-Mia Sharp

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He was a French military and political leader who became important during the French revolution. He also led successful campaigns during the wars. Napoleon was the first Emperor of France -Emma

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The Haitian Revolution took place in the French Caribbean colony of Saint Domingue, later renamed Haiti. The ideas and example of the French Revolution set in motion the spiral of violence in which the colony was engulfed in. Slaves burned 1,000 plantations and killed hundred of white as well as mixed-raced people in a fight for equal treatment regardless of race. Grace Koehler

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The Battle of Yorktown began on September 28, 1781 and ended on October 19, 1781 at Yorktown, Virginia. During this battle, the American army led by Washington and with the help of French troops defeated the British army. This is known as the last battle of the American Revolution.

Alice

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In 1807, Parliament passed the Slave Trade Act of 1807. Which outlawed the international slave trade, but not slavery itself.  It was now against the law for any British ship or British subject to trade in enslaved people.
Julianna Hernandez

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The American revolutionary war 1775-1783  

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The American revolutionary war 1775-1783  

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The American revolutionary war was initiated by the 13 colonies of British America in 1775. The war was over the issue of the colonies independence from Great Britain. The war ended in 1783 with the British surrender at Yorktown.
Alyson Halbert

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Samuel Slater, a former apprentice to Jedediah Strutt (partner of Arkwright), constructs versions of Arkwright’s machinery and establishes a cotton mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, the first successful cotton mill in the United States. Meanwhile, in Georgia, Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin,  a machine for cleaning cotton of its seeds. Whitney later develops the concept of mass production of interchangeable parts.
Christina

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Haiti becomes the worlds black-led republic

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Haiti becomes the worlds black-led republic

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1800
Haiti became the world's first black-led republic and the first independent Caribbean state when it threw off French colonial control and slavery in the early 19th century.
-ben

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After the American Revolution, France fell close to bankruptcy after sending over thousand of French soldiers to provide assistance to the American colonists. Thomas Jefferson, the U.S. ambassador in Paris, claimed that the people of France have been awakened by their revolution. The National Assembly gathered and created the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. These actions launched the French Revolution and radicalized many of the participants in the National Assembly. The revolution ended with the death of King Louis XVI, and his wife, Marie Antoinette several years later. Grace Koehler

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1810-1819
The War of 1812 was a conflict between the United States of America and its indigenous allies on one side, versus Great Britain, its dependent colonies in North America, indigenous allies, and Spain on the other.
-ben

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The Gettysburg Address was a speech published on 19 November 1863 in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania to address how the United States is a free nation where all men are born equal and described the Civil War as a test to see how long our nation's secession crisis between the northern states and the southern states divided by the Mason - Dixon line can last for before the war was over in 1865 since this speech was delivered during a time in which the United States was in a civil war between two halves of itself.

-Mia Sharp

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beginning on September 28, 1781, and ending on October 19, 1781, at Yorktown, Virginia, was a decisive victory by a combined force of the American continental Army troops led by General George Washington and Gilbert du Motier ,Marquis de Lafayette , and French Army troops led by Comet de Rochambeau over a British army commanded by British peer and Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis The culmination of the Yorktown campaign, the siege proved to be the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War in the North American region, as the surrender by Cornwallis, and the capture of both him and his army, prompted the British government to negotiate an end to the conflict.

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1793 Eli Whitney invents  the cotton gin

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by:Arianna Wallen

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For a period in the French Revolution, countless people were killed by the guillotine for barely reasonable causes. Making any negative comment towards the revolution would cause your death. It got to the point where complaining about bread prices landed you a spot in the national razor.

- Nick

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Napoleon, a military leader in the French Revolution, gained power during and following the revolution. Afterwards, he became the Emperor of France from 1804-1814. He dominated European and global affairs while leading France in a series of battles known as the  Napoleonic Wars.

Alice

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The Latin American revolutions were shaped by preceding events in North America, France, and Haiti. They were also shaped by their own distinctive societies and historical experiences. Creole elites practically had a revolution thrust upon them by the events in Europe, despite their growing discontent with Spanish rule. Grace Koehler

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The unification of Italy, also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th-century political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy. Maryanna scalo

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Humphry Davy designed the miner's lamp in 1815, he created this lamp because of all the explosions in coal mines due to pockets of firedamp. The design was a basic lamp with a wire gauze chimney enclosing the flame. The holes let light pass through, but the metal of the gauze absorbs the heat.  The lamp is safe to use because the flame can't heat enough flammable gas to cause an explosion.
Emma

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The congress of Vienna was a diplomatic conference in attempt to forge a peaceful balance of power in Europe. A group of political ambassadors came together to organize Europe in the aftermath of the death of Napoleon. It served as inspiration for other future organizations such as the United Nations.
Alyson Halbert

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 Antonio López de Santa Anna Pérez de Lebrón

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 Antonio López de Santa Anna Pérez de Lebrón

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General Santa Anna was a Mexican army officer and statesman who was the storm centre of Mexico's politics during events from  1835- 1848. he considered himself to be the napoleon of the West. In 1833 he won presidency over the independent republic of Mexico.  He then proclaimed himself dictator in 1835.
Emma

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1844 Samuel Morse invents the telegraph 

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by:arianna wallen

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The telephone, a common device we see and use today, was invented by Scottish - born inventor Alexander Graham Bell on March 7, 1876 with the help of Bostonian machine shop employee, Thomas A. Watson in Boston, Massachusetts. The world's first telephone, pictured above, used sound waves carried by an electrical current of varying intensities and frequencies bounced off by an iron diaphragm of one phone to the diaphragm of another phone reflecting sound produced from the instrument where the sound originally came from, like those of later phones after this one came around.
- Mia Sharp

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The Taiping Rebellion was a revolt against the Qing dynasty in China, fought with religious conviction over regional economic conditions, and lasting from 1850 to 1864. The Taiping Rebellion eventually failed, however, and led to the deaths of more than 20 million people.They were primarily destitute laborers who sought protection from oppression. Julianna Hernandez

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The Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from June 20th 1837 until her death on January 22nd 1901. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the Belle Époque era of Continental Europe.

Landon Zehr

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The women's suffrage movement made the question of women's voting rights into an important political issue in the 19th century. The struggle was particularly intense in Great Britain and in the United States, but those countries were not the first to grant women the right to vote, at least not on a national basis. Navya

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This occurred during 1859- 1874. This was the confrontation between The United States and Britain about the borders of San Juan Islands in North-Western area of the United States. It was a discussion on the border between Canada and the United States. It was determined that the border will be a straight line. However it was undetermined at the San Juan Islands. Both Canadian and American people settled in these islands and there were disputes between these two societies. However, the death of the pig of Charles Griffin started the war. British forces were sent to arrest the man who killed his pig. American forces came to defend his rights. They set up camps on the island to claim the island. To prevent a war to break out, instead of attacking the American troops, the British Navy surrounded the island. The war was diffused by the government of both countries coming to intervene and the war was avoided. The only casualty of the war was the pig. - Ved Patel

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The development of the cotton gin led to economic benefits of slavery in regions that grew cotton, namely the south. The moral conflict of enslaving other humans sparked a war involving the breaking off of the south from the U.S. In the end, the north won the war and slavery was abolished in the U.S.

- Nick

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General Sherman leave Atlanta. February 14, 1865

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General Sherman leave Atlanta. February 14, 1865

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General Sherman successfully takes Atlanta. To further assist in the war. He removed his troops from their supply line and lived off of the land. They wrecked havoc amongst the cities he invaded and split the Confederate States. He freed slaves and demoralized the South. He proceeded to go and aid Ulysses Grant by moving up towards Virginia.

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In 1869, the Suez Canal was opened, greatly reducing the distance between Britain and India by some 4,500 miles as ships no longer needed to travel round southern Africa. Navya

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War from 1870-1871 between the second French Empire and the North German Confederation. The Germans won and took territory in North Eastern France. Was one of the reasons the treaty of Versailles was so rough on the Germans.

By Grant Buonato

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The Prussians unify Germany and form the German Empire in 1871. First led by Otto von Bismarck. First time Germany had been completely unified since early Holy Roman Empire.

By Grant Buonato

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English: Map of German Reich 1871-1918. Search terms (selection): Helgoland, Flensburg, Schleswig, Kiel, Provinz Schleswig Holstein, Old, Hansestadt Lübeck, Bremerhaven, Hansestadt Hambürg, Bremerhaven, Wilhelmshaven, Grhm. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Schwerin, Stralsund, Kolberg, Pommern, Stettin, Ghm. M.Strelitz, Groningen, The Netherlands, Ems, Osnabrück, Weser, Hannover, Braunschweig, Prv. Sachsen, Magdeburg, Dessauch, Herzogtum Anhalt, Brandenburg, Berlin, Potsdam, Küstrin, Warthe, Oder, Frankfurt, Liegnitz, Schlesien, Kgr.

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Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. Shot in the head as he watched the play, Lincoln died the following day at 7:22 am in the Petersen House opposite the theater. He was the first U.S. president to be assassinated, with his funeral and burial marking an extended period of national mourning.

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Alfred Nobel invented dynamite which is important for blowing things up. Alfred Nobel got rich from the Dynamite. Alfred Nobel also started the Nobel Peace Prize. - Klayton

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South African War, also called Boer War, Second Boer War, or Anglo-Boer War; to Afrikaners, also called Second War of Independence, war fought from October 11, 1899, to May 31, 1902, between Great Britain and the two Boer (Afrikaner) republics—the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State—resulting in British victory.

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This was also known as the Baptist War, where 60,000 slaves tried to dismantle slavery by attacking many slave plantations over the course of 11 days. This heavily contributed to the beliefs of the abolitionist movement and was one of the first slave rebellions. This led to Great Britain adopting full emancipation policies among its colonies, as well as in the West Indies and Jamaica. -Riya Shenoy

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Samuel Morse made the Telegraph which was used for communication from longer distances. It transmitted electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. This was the start of the Morse Code.
Klayton

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Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”The 13th Amendment abolished slavery forever. As well as banning slavery, the amendment outlawed the practice of involuntary servitude and peonage.

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7 years' of war was from 1756-1763 and it was a global that spanned five continents though it was known in America as "The French & Indian War". The French, British & Spanish battled over colonies in the New World

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An organization of English textile workers. They SMASHED machines, in addition to weaving things and along with other labor inducing activities. It happened in the 19th century.

Jason

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In the United States Cyrus McCormick invents several machines used to mechanize farming. His mechanical reaper, in 1834, revolutionizes harvesting, making it quicker and easier. Elias Howe’s sewing machine, patented in 1846, makes the manufacture of clothing less expensive. In 1859 Edwin Drake completes the drilling of the first productive oil well in the United States, near Titusville, Pennsylvania. jessica

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About 25% of the worlds gdp was from India therefore, it was a very wealthy nation. When the East India company was founded in the 1600’s it allowed for cotton to become an important commodity in England and the company imported about a quarter of a million pieces into Britain. In 1757, the English won the battle of plassey over India which began the 200 year rule of the British in India
-Abie

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The Spanish–American War was an armed conflict between Spain and the United States. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. Navya

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France was heavily defeated in the Franco-Prussian War. Napoleon III was overthrown by a French rebellion. The circumstances leading to the war caused the southern German states to support Prussia. This alliance led to the unification of Germany.
Julianna Hernandez

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Thomas Edison invents the first phonograph

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Thomas Edison invents the first phonograph

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1877

The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors had produced devices that could record sounds, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the recorded sound.
-ben

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Feminist movements started to rise during the Industrial Revolution, as many women had a new role that was not in their homes. This led many women to fight for equal voting rights. They wanted these rights to be able to have a say in the unfair workplace equality that was going on. Since many women worked together, they had developed a community in which they fought for their working conditions and even the abolition of slavery! -Riya Shenoy

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The use of steam-powered machines in cotton production pushed Britain's economic development from 1750 to 1850. Built more than 100 years ago -zach

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He is responsible for inventing chewing gum. He’s known for his efforts in staving off Spain's attempt to recapture the country. He was a very smart man before his death.

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RICHARD ARKWRIGHT OPENS HIS FIRST FACTORY AT CROMFORD (1771)

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RICHARD ARKWRIGHT OPENS HIS FIRST FACTORY AT CROMFORD (1771)

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Richard Arkwright was a buisnessman who lead entrepreneurs in England around the 18th century. In 1771, Richard Arkwright opened his first factory using one of his inventions, the spinning frame. People who worked at Arkwright’s factory started at 5 am and worked for 12 hours 6 days a week. The factory had many strict rules although it was very successful and it was a model for factories to come.

-abie

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The Spanish American war was an armed  conflict between Spain and The united states in 1898. U.S. victory in the war made a peace treaty that influenced the Spanish to relinquish the territory of Cuba, and to cede sovereignty over Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the United States.
Alyson Halbert

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The South African War, sometimes called the Boer War or Anglo-Boer War, was the first major conflict of a century that was to be marked by wars on an international scale. It demonstrated the inadequacy of 19th century military methods and raised issues of whether conscription should be brought in and the use of concentration camps. Maryanna Scalo

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The first industrial revolution begin in Great Britain in the late 1700s. People began to move from agriculture based lives to urban lives. The revolution began in Britain because of proximity to water, Raw materials, productive agriculture, urbanization, protection of property, foreign resources, accumulation of capital, and factory systems.
-Sanaa

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The Incandescent light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison in 1879. This invention had an economic impact because working hours could be longer. With a source of light, people were able to work into the night

Madison Benjamin

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He discovered how to make vaccines and how to weaken the microorganisms. He developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies. The vaccine invention helped civilizations for many years in the future
Klayton

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Slavery was deemed an illegal act on December 6th, 1865. The 13th amendment states "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.". Though slavery was abolished it still went on for many years after and still happens today

Madison Benjamin

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This was North America‘s first transcontinental railroad and it was 1,911 miles of railroad that was constructed between 1863- 1869. It connected the East Coast and the West Coast of America. The railroad made economic export of western to eastern markets easier.
-Sanaa

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The cotton gin was invented by Ein Whitney and in 1793 and was a significant invention of the industrial revolution. This machine helped increase production of cotton in the USA and made cotton more profitable. The Cotton gin also help to boost productivity and increase cotton usage.
-Sanaa

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The Opium war took place between 1839-1842 between Qing China and the United Kingdom. The war was fought against the British selling opium products in China. The second war involved France and it involved France as well. This war was between 1856-1860

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During the late 1700’s, something that brought a great market for raw cotton was the mechanization of spinning. In 1794, a man by the name of Eli Whitney created and patented a device called the cotton gin. This invention made removing the cotton seed very easy as opposed to earlier tactics which were much more labor intensive. The cotton gin made the cotton industry in America extremely profitable
-abie