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Poison > >
Poison reappears constantly whenever a murder is to occur. It is the method to kill King Hamlet, the Queen, Laertes, Hamlet, and Claudius. Whenever someone is about to be betrayed and killed, poison is the methodology. It unexpectantly claims its victims, just as betrayal surprises.

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- Elizabeth betraying her cousin-Mary Queen of Scots who was in line for the English Throne-by murdering her

- Oxfordshire Rising of 1596: Poor harvests and poverty led a group of rebels to secretly gather weapons and amour to rebel against Queen Elizabeth I

- Elizabeth's mother is convicted of treason and executed by King Henry VIII

- Protestant Reformation caused numerous wars and persecutions
-King Henry VIII challenged traditional religious beliefs breaking away from the catholic church and implementing protestantism in England allowing himself to divorce and remarry numerous times

- Protestant Bible (Judas Betrays Jesus)
"When Judas, who had betrayed him, saw that Jesus was condemned, he was seized with remorse and returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and the elders" (Mathew 27:3)

"'I have sinned,' he said, 'for I have betrayed innocent blood.' 'What is that to us?”'they replied. 'That’s your responsibility.'"(Mathew 27:4)

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Acting towards one’s unconscious desires and repressed emotions can lead to betrayal. As revealed by Claudius’s extreme desire to be King, he goes as far as to kill his brother, betraying someone who had depended on him. Claudius went against familial morals and values to achieve his repressed desires. This relates to the question, is family or one’s own desires more powerful?

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How Betrayal Connects to One Dramatic Element 

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How Betrayal Connects to One Dramatic Element 

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Play within a play --> Showcases the betrayal of someone killing their brother in order to become crowned as King. In turn, it exposes Claudius’s guilt of killing his brother, and all of the emotions he repressed erupt to the surface. Raises the question does one's guilt ever disappear or is it stowed away into their mind for the rest of their life?

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Judas kisses Christ, signaling the soldiers to arrest him. Judas was on of Jesus's Twelve Apostles.

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“Thus was I, sleeping, by a brother’s hand
Of life, of crown, of, queen, at once dispatch’d…”

(1.5.81-82)
- Demonstrates the betrayal King Hamlet feels toward his brother who he had once trusted and loved.
- Signifies familial betrayal because Claudius caught him at a time when he was “sleeping” where he was weak and could not fight back. Not only did his brother rid him “Of life” but he took possession “of crown, of queen…” He replaced King Hamlet and forcibly took control of all the things King Hamlet owned. The motif of betrayal indicates how one can be deceiving and they can put up a facade, hiding their true desires.

“A bloody deed -- almost as bad, good mother, As kill a king and marry with his brother”

(3.4.34-35).
- Hamlet refers to both Claudius’s and his mother’s betrayal of King Hamlet.
- Hamlet’s diction “bloody deed” demonstrates how he views his mother and uncle’s acts of betrayal as evil and deadly as taking a life. His diction of “almost as bad” shows how his killing Polonius is not on the same level of cruelty as his mother and uncle’s actions, since Polonius has no emotional, personal, or familial bond with Hamlet.
- Hamlet killing Polonius is not as detrimental as the acts of his mother and uncle who betrayed someone apart of their family.
- Signifies that the act of betraying family reaps much greater emotional consequences than killing a stranger or someone who has no connection or bond to one.

“To draw apart the body he hath killed, O’er whom his very madness…”

(4.1.25-26)

- Queen Gertrude betrays Hamlet by exposing that he has murdered Polonius to Claudius.
- The Queen's diction is revealing and exposing as she says Hamlet "hath killed..." and blames it on his "madness" signifying familial betrayal, that no matter the relationship or how close people are to each other, one could still break faith and be disloyal.

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Betrayal shakes people to the core; It stems from childhood experiences and some research says genetics.

Betrayal leads to mistrust; It takes an experience to cause mistrust, which only feeds into itself.

Betrayal and mistrust breed paranoia and madness. Claudius betraying the King brought Hamlet into paranoia.

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A Leap of Faith: Chronic mistrust, a common aftereffect of trauma or betray...

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Denotation:
Betrayal is the breaking or violation of a presumptive contract, trust, or confidence that produces moral and psychological conflict within a relationship amongst individuals, between organizations or between individuals and organizations

Connotation:
Negative connotation, going against trusted people, or breaking promises set with another person. Makes an action more severe rather than just "let down"

This is presented in Hamlet through Claudius killing his brother, Hamlet killing Ophelia and Laertes's father, and Gertrude marry her ex-husbands brother Claudius.

Other Shakespearian plays representative of betrayal is Julius Caesar, "Et tu, Brute," and in Othello when he strangles his wife Desdemona. Macbeth, another Shakespearian play, portrays betrayal when Macbeth betrays his king murdering Duncan, and then his friend Banquo by having him and his son killed.

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Painting by Anthony van Dyck in 1620, during the Baroque Period.