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DNA holds the genetic code for living things. It gives instructions for growth and development. It is a double helix made of base pairs.

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Nucleotides are organic molecules in DNA. They are composed of three parts; a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. The phosphate groups and pentose sugars are the backbone of the DNA's double helix, and the nitrogenous bases are in the middle of the base pairs.

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In DNA there are four nitrogenous bases: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
A and T pair together while C and G pair together. These pairs form the middle of the DNA's double helix.

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During DNA replication, DNA makes a copy of itself in the process of cell division. The first step is unzipping the base pairs with helicase, forming two strands. Onec the pairs are separated, RNA primers bind to the end of each strand. Next, DNA polymerase adds in the missing pieces of DNA. Finally, the RNA primers are removed and replaces with new bases.

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Helicase is an enzyme that unzips the base pairs of the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between them.

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DNA polymerase synthesize the newly separated DNA strands by adding nucleotides.

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Genes are sequences of nucleotides in DNA that form the double helix. They carry instructions that determine things like hair and eye color.

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Chromosomes are found in the nuclei of plant and animal cells, and they are made of DNA and proteins.

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Alleles are variants of genes that make chromosomes. Alleles control the phenotypes of organisms, and they can be either recessive or dominant.

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Mutations are alterations in gene sequences that cause diseases and medical conditions. They can occur in single base pairs or entire chromosome segments.

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Genomes are complete sets of genetic material in an organism. They contain all the information and coded needed for an organism to grow and develop.

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A locus is a fixed position on a chromosome where a gene is located.