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The informal noun 'chit-chat' , implies a negative, meaningless association with female speech.
Earlier theorists, such as Jesperson and Lakoff implied that women's language is deficient and as a result use features of speech such as empty base adjectives and hedges, suggesting a lack of importance.

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The article has been written by a female author. The article intends to prove deficiency and women are two irrelevant ideas. Macrae unites every woman by calling "Ladies". The noun "Lady" has connotations of elegance and grace. Therefore, author might have trying to suggests that women are not deficit but different. She seem to promote a kind of revolution and the phrase "silence him with science" indicates the anger and frustration of the author.

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'girls learn to speak earlier and more quickly'

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'girls learn to speak earlier and more quickly'

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The adverbs 'earlier' and 'quickly' suggest that there is a scientific reasoning as to why women talk more and is to do with how speech develops in children. Implying that women do not choose to talk more but just naturally do, having learnt to speak more quickly during adolescence.
Is there wider contextual influences that has dictated this, with gendered toys and games potentially shaping the way girls use language. Girls more stereotypically would have had barbie dolls that would interact with each other, whereas boys may have had toy cars where there would be no speech.

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directs the core target audience as well as addressing in a wider expanse of different woman. also gives a more private informal tone

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Sibilance adds a humorous tone to the article. Offers women a way of of the debate that they talk too much as now it can be factually argued why. The noun "Science" gives the article a factual tone leading the reader to believe that all that they read here is true and not fake news. It gives women more power as "science" has connotations of being well educated and smart. This juxtaposes societal norms of men being typically smarter than women in sciences and maths etc. Further adds to the humour as now women are entering the male field of expertise of science to be able to back up their argument.
However, it must be taken into account that the writer of the article is a female and there may consequently be potential biases littered within. Raises the question whether she is only giving evidence in support of women rather than both sides.

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The Daily Mail has a right wing perspective. Which means that they believe social hierarchies are inevitable. Therefore, right wing perspective would support the deficiency of women against male norm. On the other hand it should be noted as O'Barr and Atkins claimed, the language is to do with power rather than gender.

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The noun 'dear' is supposed to have positive connotations but the tone within the text almost makes it sound patronizing and derogative.

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Noun 'dear' implies quite a condescending tone towards men, connoting a more confident attitude.

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4 year old girls have 30% more of a protein thought to be important in language and speech.

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Language in a courtroom implied language was to do with power rather than gender.

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Women's language is a projection of their deficiency compared to the male norm. Women's language is deficient because they have an innate deficiency.

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Women's language is seen as deficient, therefore talk a lot more and tend to use empty base adjectives and hyperbole.

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More of the women's speech style is to encourage conversation between one another, to have emotional connection. Men don't grasp this which is why its statistically proven that men feel more friend zoned and led on by women rather than the other way round. Women aren't being flirty they are just communicating in their speech style.

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women often feel the need to be right so will further emphasise and argue their points compared to men

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women often feel the need to be right so will further emphasise and argue their points compared to men

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Information vs feelings
Men will talk in a more factual way, whereas women express feelings and emotions which would include more talking.

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women are often more invested in what they talk about so put more effort into their points to encourage others to agree

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women are often more invested in what they talk about so put more effort into their points to encourage others to agree

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Implies that men interrupt more in a conversation, therefore women will have to talk more to try to be included.

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women introduce more topics and work harder to maintain conversation

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The dominance approach to sex differences in speech is concerned with the imbalance of power between the sexes. Powerless speech features used by women help contribute to maintaining a subordinate position in society; while conversely, men’s dominance is preserved through their linguistic behavior. woman have to talk more to be heard

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Men hold court more often in mixed gender conversations unless the topic is one where a female expertise is presumed and this isn't just because men talk over women but because women frequently defer to them.

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fishman- women ask 3 times as many questions as men

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Women talk around 20,000 words per day compare to men who speak around 7,000. The Atlantic suggested that women are genetically tend to speak more. However, the number varies a lot when there is a difference in the social status of individuals.

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Because women were originally viewed as the weaker sex they sometimes feel the need to use more language and reasons to justify what they say to gain power.

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Women put more work into a conversation due to their inferior position in society. Therefore, will likely talk more and ask more questions to show interest.

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Women are seen as more emotive

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women tend to gossip more