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A zener diode is a unique diode that allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode, but will also permit it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage, "zener knee voltage" or "zener voltage".

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Watt's law defines the relationship between power, voltage and current and states that the power in a circuit is a product of the voltage and the current. ... You can use Watt's law to find or calculate the voltage, power, ampere, and resistance.

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Watt is the unit of power (symbol: W). The watt unit is named after James Watt, the inventor of the steam engine. One watt is defined as the energy consumption rate of one joule per second. 1W = 1J / 1s. One watt is also defined as the current flow of one ampere with voltage of one volt.

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A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM (volt-ohm-milliammeter), is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, current, and resistance.

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The ohm is defined as an electrical resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant potential difference of one volt, applied to these points, produces in the conductor a current of one ampere, the conductor not being the seat of any electromotive force. ... These are called linear resistors.

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A voltmeter, also known as a voltage meter, is an instrument used for measuring the potential difference, or voltage, between two points in an electrical or electronic circuit. ... Otherwise it will draw significant current, and thereby disturb the operation of the circuit under test.

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Voltage, also called electromotive force, is a quantitative expression of the potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field. ... Voltage can be direct or alternating.

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One volt will drive one coulomb (6.24 x 10¹⁸) charge carriers, such as electrons, through a resistance of one ohm in one second.

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variable resistor. An electronic component that is used to vary the amount of current that flows through a circuit. It works by sliding a wiper terminal across a resistive material, typically a thin film or chunk of carbon or a resistive wire made of nickel chromium or tungsten alloys.

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Valence. Valence is a term that refers to the outermost shell of an atom. The valence shell is the outermost filled shell and valence electrons are found in the valence shell. Valence shell electrons are very important because they are the electrons responsible for bonding between atoms.

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Engineering is all about solving problems using math, science, and technical knowledge. And engineers have solved a lot of problems in the world by designing and building various technologies. ... The engineering design process describes the steps that an engineer takes to solve a problem.

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A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.

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a circuit board on which electronic components can be easily rearranged or replaced for preliminary design or testing.

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A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. ... The absorption of light, generating either electron-hole pairs or excitons.

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When all the devices in a circuit are connected by series connections, then the circuit is referred to as a series circuit. When all the devices in a circuit are connected by parallel connections, then the circuit is referred to as a parallel circuit.

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an area of science and technology that deals with problems of the design and study of circuits of electronic devices used in, for example, radio engineering, communications, computer technology, and automation.

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Two or more elements are connected in series if they are connected one after the other with the same current passing through them.

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A semiconductor detector is a radiation detector which is based on a semiconductor, such as silicon or germanium to measure the effect of incident charged particles or photons.

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Secondary cells: Secondary cells are “the cells that can be recharged after usage (after discharging), and it is possible to use them several times”. Secondary cells have a quick discharge rate and need to be recharged again and again. These cells incur more initial cost than primary cells.

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A schematic is defined as a picture that shows something in a simple way, using symbols. A schematic diagram is a picture that represents the components of a process, device, or other object using abstract, often standardized symbols and lines.

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A schematic diagram is a picture that represents the components of a process, device, or other object using abstract, often standardized symbols and lines. Although schematic diagrams are commonly associated with electrical circuits, many examples can be found in other industries.

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A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.

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Resistance is the property of any object or substance of resisting or opposing the flow of an electrical current. The quantity of resistance in an electric circuit determines the amount of current flowing in the circuit for any given voltage applied to the circuit.

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proton. ... The definition of a proton is a particle with a positive charge that is in the nucleus of an atom. An example of a proton is the single proton in the nucleus of a hydrogen atom.

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Primary cells are “the cells that can be used only once and disposed after the usage”. Primary cells function with chemical reactions. The discharge rate is lower than that of secondary cells. ... For example, smoke detectors use primary cells.

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Power engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of electric power, and the electrical apparatus connected to such systems.

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Polarity in a Parallel Circuit. Just as in series circuits, electrical current flows “from negative to positive” through each of the load components in a parallel circuit. ... Note that the polarity of each of the resistors is the same as the polarity of the source.

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An oscilloscope is a laboratory instrument commonly used to display and analyze the waveform of electronic signals. In effect, the device draws a graph of the instantaneous signal voltage as a function of time. ... The most sophisticated oscilloscopes employ computers to process and display waveforms.

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Ohm's law states that the voltage or potential difference between two points is directly proportional to the current or electricity passing through the resistance, and directly proportional to the resistance of the circuit.

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An ohmmeter can be defined as, it is one kind of electronic device mainly used for calculating electrical resistance of a circuit, and the unit of resistance is ohm. Electrical resistance is a calculation of how much an object resists allowing the flow of current through it.

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Neutron Engineering, LLC is a technical consulting firm specializing in providing Systems Engineering, Extensible Network Architecture and Design, Network Security, High Performance Computing, Virtualization and Cloud solutions.

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a machine, especially one powered by electricity or internal combustion, that supplies motive power for a vehicle or for some other device with moving parts.

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A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. ... Recent developments have produced high-output white light LEDs suitable for room and outdoor area lighting.

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An integrated circuit is a device that contains its own transistors, resistors, and diodes within itself.

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An electrical insulator is a material whose internal electric charges do not flow freely; very little electric current will flow through it under the influence of an electric field. ... The property that distinguishes an insulator is its resistivity; insulators have higher resistivity than semiconductors or conductors.

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

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The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering with its corporate office in New York City and its operations center in Piscataway, New Jersey.

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An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated until it glows. ... Current is supplied to the filament by terminals or wires embedded in the glass. A bulb socket provides mechanical support and electrical connections.

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A hybrid car is one that uses more than one means of propulsion - that means combining a petrol or diesel engine with an electric motor. The main advantages of a hybrid are that it should consume less fuel and emit less CO2 than a comparable conventional petrol or diesel-engined vehicle.

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(Electrical engineering: Electrical power, Generation) A generator is a machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. A hydroelectric plant is a plant in which the turbine generators are driven by falling water. The hydraulic motors drive electrical generators to produce electricity.

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Gas discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources (or lamps). These lamps produce light by sending electricity through an ionized gas. ... When an electric current is sent through the gas, electrons collide with atoms of the gas and the metals. This will mean that some reach a higher energy state.

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Definition of fluorescent lamp. : a usually tubular electric lamp having a coating of fluorescent material on its inner surface and containing mercury vapor whose bombardment by electrons from the cathode provides ultraviolet light which causes the material to emit visible light.

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a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

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a conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an object, substance, or region.

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a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.

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Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design and application of equipment, devices and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.

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Direct current consists of electrons moving in one direction. Alternating current involves electrons that move in one direction and then switch, back and forth, at a constant rate. Direct current has many applications. Batteries, most appliances, generators, and photovoltaic cells are some examples.

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Electrical engineering: Electronics components) A diode is a semiconductor device used in circuits for converting alternating current to direct current. A diode is a two-wire device that allows current to flow easily in only one direction.

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Current is the rate of flow of electricity. The unit of current is the ampere (A) which is defined as 1 ampere = 1 coulomb per second.

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coulomb in Electrical Engineering

A coulomb is a unit of electric charge that is equal to the amount of charge accumulated in one second by a current of one ampere. ... A coulomb is a unit of electric charge that is equal to the amount of charge accumulated in one second by a current of one ampere.

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In electronics, a continuity test is the checking of an electric circuit to see if current flows (that it is in fact a complete circuit). A continuity test is performed by placing a small voltage (wired in series with an LED or noise-producing component such as a piezoelectric speaker) across the chosen path.

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In physics and electrical engineering, a conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of charge (electrical current) in one or more directions. ... Insulators are non-conducting materials with few mobile charges that support only insignificant electric currents.

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A compact fluorescent lamp is a small fluorescent lamp (= a tubular light bulb coated with phosphor which produces a bright light) that has a lamp life that is much longer than incandescent lamps.

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A circuit board is a physical piece of technology that allows for the assembly of electrical or data circuits on a horizontal layer of material. Advances in circuit boards have led to new engineering and manufacturing methods for these types of devices.

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Battery - Two or more cells electrically connected to form a unit. Under common usage, the term "battery" also applies to a single cell. ... Cell - Basic electrochemical unit used to store electrical energy. Current - Flow of electrons equal to one coulomb of charge per second, usually expressed in amperes (A).

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capacitor in Electrical EngineeringA capacitor is a device consisting of two conducting surfaces separated by a layer of insulating material, that has the ability to store electric energy.

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“A battery is a device that is able to store electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, and convert that energy into electricity,” says Antoine Allanore, a postdoctoral associate at MIT's Department of Materials Science and Engineering.

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An inclusive definition is: "exploiting the atomic characters of matter for engineering applications." For example, an atomic clock and potential applications of ultra-cold atom belong to atomic engineering. ... Atoms on a small scale behave like nothing on a large scale, for they satisfy the laws of quantum mechanics.

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An ammeter (from Ampere Meter) is a measuring instrument used to measure the current in a circuit. Electric currents are measured in amperes (A), hence the name. Instruments used to measure smaller currents, in the milliampere or microampere range, are designated as milliammeters or microammeters.

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American wire gauge (AWG), also known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, is a logarithmic stepped standardized wire gauge system used since 1857, predominantly in North America, for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. ... The AWG tables are for a single, solid and round conductor.

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An alternating current (AC) is an electrical current where the magnitude and direction of the current varies cyclically, as opposed to direct current, where the direction of the current stays constant. ... However, audio and radio signals carried on electrical wire are also examples of alternating current.