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The Royal Proclamation of 1763 established that Indigenous people had title  that is, ownership over their land, and became the legal precedent through which the government was supposed to “treat” with them (i.e., make treaties). In order to open up land for settlement, it was first necessary to “extinguish” (surrender) Indigenous title and transfer it to the Crown through the treaty process.

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Treaty 11, the last of the Numbered Treaties, was an agreement established between 1921 and 1922 between King George V and various First Nation band governments in what is today the Northwest Territories.- Madison Pelltier

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In exchange for their traditional territory, government negotiators made various promises to First Nations — both orally and in the written texts of the treaties — including special rights to treaty lands and the distribution of cash payments, hunting and fishing tools, farming supplies.

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Impacts. The Numbered Treaties have had long-lasting legal and socioeconomic impacts on First Nation peoples. The creation of reserves, schools and other instruments of assimilation have affected Indigenous cultures, customs and traditional ways of life. - Madison Pelltier

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Treaty 10 was signed 19 August 1906. Treaty 10 was an agreement established beginning 19 August 1906, between King Edward VII and various First Nation band governments in northern Saskatchewan and a small portion of eastern Alberta.

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DescriptionTreaty 4 is a treaty established between Queen Victoria and the Cree and Saulteaux First Nation band governments. The area covered by Treaty 4 represents most of current day southern Saskatchewan, plus small portions of what are today western Manitoba and southeastern Alberta. - Madison Pelltier

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Treaties are negotiated agreements that define the rights, responsibilities and relationships between Aboriginal groups and federal and provincial governments. The treaty system was a means by which the Crown gained sovereignty, without military intervention, over the west in order to open it up for settlers. - Madison Pelltier

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Treaty 5 was signed in 1875. It mostly covers the province of Manitoba but has a small part covering Saskatchewan. Treaty 5 key terms included the following: provides 160 acres per family of five, promises First Nations the right to pursue hunting and fishing throughout the treaty territories, promise to maintain schools on reserve lands, promises to annually pay $25 for each chief, $15 for each headman, and $5 for every other man, woman, or child.  The historical context of the treaty was that it was signed by the federal government and the  Ojibway and the Swampy Cree of Lake Winnipeg people. Treaty 5 is known as Winnipeg. The direct consequences for the different parties involved in the treaty signing was that Indigenous people surrendered their title land in exchange for the rights to hunt, fish, and trap.

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This  accord was essentially about peace and friendship. - Madison Pelltier

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Treaty 6 was signed by the Canadian Crown and various First Nations between 1871 and 1877. Treaty 6 is an agreement between the Crown and the Plains and Woods Cree, Assiniboine, and other band governments at Fort Carlton and Fort Pitt. Treaty 6 included terms that had not been incorporated into Treaties 1 to 5, including a medicine chest at the house of the Indian agent on the reserve, protection from famine and pestilence, more agricultural implements, and on-reserve education. The area agreed upon by the Plains and Woods Cree represents most of the central area of the current provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta. The Crown signed treaty six then pretty much threw the agreements into the trash.

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Treaty 9 also known as James Bay Treaty, was established in July, 1905. It’s purpose was to purchase the interests of the resident Cree and Ojibwa peoples to lands and resources to make way for settlement and resource development. This was an agreement between Government of Canada in the name of King Edward VII and various First Nations band governments in northern Ontario and was one of the Numbered Treaties. Treaty 9 covers most of present-day Ontario north of the height of land dividing the Great Lakes watershed from the Hudson and James Bay drainage basins. This treaty contained provisions for cash treaty payments, the creation of reserves, education and hunting, fishing and trapping rights.

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September 15-25 1874
Is signed between the Queen Victoria, the Cree and the Saulteaux First Nation band government at Fort Qu'Appelle, Fort Elise.
To the Prairie First Nations, Treaty 4 ensured them protection. With the resources they were given, it was believed to provide assistance with the new way of life.
They also believed that the Queen would protect against the settlers in the area. The treaties were looked at as "nation-to-nation alliances", a partnership. To the Canadian government, it was merely a transaction. The Indigenous people were giving up the 'title' they had to the land.

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Treaty 4 was signed September 15 1874 between the Cree and Saulteaux nations and Queen Victoria. The treaty was signed in Fort QuAppelle Saskatchewan. They were ensured protection. They agreement of the treaty was that the First Nations people would get, education, hunting rights and health care, and the settlers would get land and resources.

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Treaty #2 was signed in southern Manitoba on August 21, 1871. The Canadian officials wanted to facilitate settlement of the west and assimilate Aboriginal peoples into European society. The Aboriginal peoples sought to protect their traditional lands and livelihood while securing assistance in transitioning to a new way of life.

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Treaty 1 was signed 3 August 1871 between Canada and the Anishinabek and Swampy Cree of southern Manitoba. - Madison Pelltier

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-Signed June 21, 1899 just south of present day Grouard, Alberta
-Signed between Queen Victoria and various First Nations of the Lesser Slave Lake area
-Didn’t consider treaty 8 necessary because conditions in the north were not considered conducive to settlement
-1890’s there was a the Klondike Gold Rush, which began to draw Europeans into that land. The increased contact and conflict between the First Nations and the Europeans urged for a treaty.
-2217 accepted the treaty, and another 1234 people opting for scrip instead
-Key Terms: maintain livelihood for the native populations in this 840000 km2 region, such as entitlements to land, ongoing financial support, annual shipments of hunting supplies, and hunting rights on ceded lands, unless those ceded lands were used for forestry, mining, settlement or other purposes
-People didn’t want the treaties signed so they didn’t sign until a bunch of oral promises were made such as medical care and looking after the sick and poor
-Consequences for Indigenous Peoples: when a census was taken, it was during their annual hunt, so people were not counted for, making the reserves smaller for a larger amount of people
-Consequences for Europeans: had to make more promises for the people for them to be able to sign the treaty
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_8

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Time when scientists believe the first Indigenous peoples came to what is now known as Canada

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Present day